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Francis Bacon – a Rich Figure to Explore

admin — Thu, 01 Jul 2010 08:20:58 +0000

by James Morgan

Born on 22nd January 1561, Francis Bacon remains as a prominent philosophical advocate and a practitioner of scientific revolution. The students, especially of arts, literature and science find him inspiring and worth exploring figure. However, delving into a personality and the works of such a person is not a cakewalk. To be able to explain and analyze his work, his mind frame and his philosophy, you need to attach yourselves to the environment, society, culture, and the influence that he was the product of.

A distinct approach- His approach to literary works was simply unparallel among his contemporaries. His ideas, philosophy and ideology portrayed in his literary and scientific works thus offer a lot to investigate. Especially his stand on truth, death, religion, women, children, parent and the various issues facing humanity are all the matter of curiosity to all.

A life full of events- His life was full of rich events, ups and downs. He was found guilty of taking bribery, hence was imprisoned. For the same reason he was rendered incapable to hold any office in parliament in future. Other darker side of life- unexpected death of his father, continuous career failure, getting into debt- all gave his essays richer and more real content. Indeed his philosophy seems to take much of its content from real life experiences and inductive reasoning combined. The essays like ‘Of Truth’, ‘Of Death’, ‘Of Revenge’, and ‘Of Envy’ all are enriched with the common issues facing the humanity.

The scientific revolution- his philosophy that science must be honest and correct and that all experimentation should be totally objective are a source of guidelines to all. Besides his focus on human mind as an instrument of scientific study is an important awareness too. It may be argued that his philosophy is not right in its entirety because the scientific premises, principles and the procedures cannot be totally based on deductive reasoning. Nonetheless, the ideas have been a guide light to many scientists who came after him. Sincerity and dedication was the rule of game for him, which made him one among the scientists killed by their own experiments.

The real life influence- Francis Bacon was a prominent figure of Renaissance period. His writing ranges from science, philosophy, ethics, law, history and politics. He is popular for his use of plain language and his stand for inductive reasoning and use of analogy. The essays also suggest his inclination towards idealism where there is only truth, women equality, freedom, no envy, etc. Aristotle’s advocacy to induction rather than prejudgment for the advancement of knowledge has certainly influenced Bacon’s work.

His literary works and ideologies quite different from his contemporaries make him a figure distinct and curious one. The hindrances and the plights that were the companions of his entire life obviously had a great deal of influence in the philosopher in him. And the distinct philosophy remains a source of inspiration to all, to the bygone era and the upcoming one.

Union vs Non Union

admin — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 07:56:22 +0000

By James Mitke

Outline
1. Introduction
2. Role of a union:
• advantages
• disadvantages
3. Unions in the USA
4. Pros and cons of unions for Government and Industrial sectors
5. G. Bush policy towards unions
6. Conclusion
7. Summary

Introduction
The question under discussion interested many researchers since concept of a union appeared and spread across industries. The field covered by industrial relations is very wide, but union vs non-union section takes an important place in it. The main function of a union is to advance and protect the interests of its members. There are craft unions, industrial and general workers’ unions, also those for non-manual and professional groups. Most of these are affiliated to the voluntary body called the Trades Union, which has as its objects ‘to promote the interests of all its affiliated organizations and generally to improve the social and economic conditions of the workers’ (Beardwell et al 1994). Broader issues of national policy affecting trade unions are also discussed with the Trades Union and the government.

Role of a union
The first step towards effective collective bargaining is for employers to rec¬ognize unions, who both agree to negotiating procedures resulting in collective agreements, which may be for a company, a unit, or the industry as a whole. In this case, the policy of the government has been to encourage and support collective bargaining and most employers negotiate with unions to agree terms and conditions of employment for ‘blue collar’ and ‘white collar’ work¬ers.
Advantages
The advantage of the unions is that collective agreements between unions and employers cover many issues and may relate to a whole industry, a company, or a single unit. In some industries joint negotiating bodies have been set up with formal constitutions. Other industries have more informal meetings between employers and unions. It is important that these agreements should be continually reviewed
This process can bring management and unions together in a partnership that exists to develop a fair and equitable pay structure on the basis of mutual agreement. Some managements and some unionists may find it dif¬ficult to act together in this way, but when they do, the results are beneficial to all concerned (Emmott et al 2002).
Some firms have a department of industrial relations quite separate from other aspects of human resource management and its main functions consist of:
• prevention and settlement of trade disputes;
• helping to form and maintain machinery of joint consultation;
• keeping in close touch with the state of employer-employee relations;
• advising the firm or the government on industrial relations problems (Green, 1994)
The main benefit of unions is that disputes may be settled by negotiation, conciliation, arbitration, investigation and formal enquiry. Each union regulations must be known by the human resources officer. Employees need to have a thorough knowledge of proce¬dures of consultation and negotiation and the function of consultative bodies. Loss of output through industrial dispute can be costly to an organization and the proportion of strikes which occur without union support should be reduced. “Union workers are more likely than their non-union counterparts to receive health care and pension benefits. Nine out of ten union members are covered by health insurance and have a pension plan — versus three-quarters of those not in a union” (Union strength, n.d).
Within unions mutual respect and confidence are needed and there should be a democratically elected commit¬tee representing all ranks, but not necessarily one person from each depart¬ment. Subjects to be discussed should be clearly stated. Examples are holidays, welfare, discipline, recruitment, training. There should also be good secretarial arrangements and a system for reporting back to employees.
Disadvantages
Disadvantages of unions can be explained by the fact that workpeople and organizations have different inter¬ests. Whether or not the purpose of an organization is to make a profit, employ¬ers are continually under pressure to ensure that resources are fully utilized and labour costs are stabilized or reduced. Their main concern is to maintain and improve their standard of living. They seek improvements in wages and salaries, increased leisure, better working conditions, stability of employment, opportunities for advancement and satisfaction in their work. On the other hand, constant struggle between unions and organizations do more harm than good for a business process. Although interests are not usually the same, especially when technological and industrial changes keep occurring con¬stantly, there is one common point of interest between employers and employees, and that is to ensure continuity of production and hence employ¬ment – to keep the enterprise viable.
A union existence has been shown to reduce conflicts from the “workers” resentment of the power of managers. Where managers are pleasant and co-operative and acknowledge feelings of others, conflict is reduced. There is also the idea to institute structural changes to reduce the amount of supervision a worker is subjected to and give him greater control over his own job. There is, of course, no guar¬antee that all workers will have higher morale and productivity, and some¬times output may fall if workers do not think an increase in productivity is in their interest (the goals of management and worker often differ).
Nevertheless, disadvantages of union policy are also important. Some researchers stress that too much emphasis has been placed upon union efficiency which has led to higher labour turnover, strikes or poor work. The harmful social effects were ignored. So advocates of the non-union approach regard these two aspects as parts interlocking in the organization system, where a change in either can affect the whole system. Job enlargement and job enrichment are techniques advocated for redesigning jobs (Beardwell, 2004).
Unions in the USA
In the USA the industrial relations climate had also altered as a result of economic and political changes. A series of recessions had weakened the bargaining power of unions and unemployment in those industrial sectors that were former union strongholds had led to a decline in union membership.
In the USA the politics of government shifted to the right. The rhetoric of the ‘New Right’ revolved around concepts such as the free market, the freedom of the individual, and the enterprise culture. The climate was therefore suitable for those managements seeking alternative models of employment relations. They gained inspiration not only from non-union companies such as IBM, but observed changes in more traditional unionized environments.
In General Motors, for example, management worked closely with the Union of Auto Workers in setting up HRM style practices at the Cadillac plant at Livonia, and in all its plants attempted to change management-worker relations from low to high trust and seek productivity gains through workforce cooperation and commitment.
The influential movement that emerged from the USA built around the concept of union culture and the notion that ‘excellent’ companies serve as models for others to follow.
Pros and cons of unions for Government and Industrial sectors
There is a greater need for union in human resource matter because of:
• Government action on traditional collective bargaining positions – it takes an active interest in wage levels and virtually all aspects of labour relations.
• The traditional right of a manager to hire and fire and determine the rate for a job has been altered. Employers’ decisions on matters affecting the workforce are largely subject to bargaining and agreement. Negotiations between managers and shop stewards deal with most matters at shop floor level. Where managers refuse to negotiate, direct action by the workforce is possible. So, as pressure from the government and the employees is severely limiting the freedom of managers, it is essential for every organization to have a care¬fully prepared employee relations policy.
A lot depends upon the support an employee receives from local arc national officials. There is an increasing tendency for firms to provide union policy. The National Council of Labour Colleges and the Trace Union Council offer courses covering functions of trade unions, collective bar¬gaining and negotiating procedures, incentive schemes, effective speaker; and writing, etc.
The position of efficiency today varies from union to union (and their role and effectiveness depend upon several factors: one important factor is their persons characteristics). They are elected by union members and their duties are:
• to inspect union cards to see contributions are paid up to date;
• to act as recruiting officers;
• to see that working agreements between management and union are car¬ried out;
• to represent their fellow workers who have grievances. They are in effect part
time union officers, but they do not normally receive payment from their union and they usually are allowed to negotiate with management during working hours with no loss of pay (Green, 1994).
There is, though, no guarantee that if communications are good the workers will act rationally and agree to the ‘wisdom’ of management – clarity cannot guarantee acceptance.
Union becomes an important technique or mechanism for resolving goal conflicts and may be said to have these main features:
• it is a joint activity where each side recognizes the right of the other to be present on equal terms;
• the respective interests of those represented in collective bargaining should be identified so common interests can be noted and means found to recon¬cile areas of conflict;
• the result is the joint regulation of the work situation by establishing a framework of rules and practice to govern relationships between the man¬agement and workforce(Green, 1994).
The non-union approach still seems dom¬inant, in that there seems to be an acceptance of the inevitability of conflict in industry and the need to negotiate joint solutions. Management still consider only they should determine some issues (e.g. hire and use of labour). Issues submitted to collective bargaining by management usually cover wage rates, hours of work, holidays, etc. The strength of the two sides determines the result. Strength depends upon:
• quality of organization of unions and management;
• ratio of capital to labour; the smaller the proportion of the labour cost to total costs the more likely management may grant their demands;
• degree of skill; the more skilled workers, who can move readily to other jobs, are in a stronger bargaining position; e state of the market for products; the more a firm approaches a monopolist;
• position the more easily it can pass costs on to consumers by higher prices and still retain a good share of the market, then the firm may more readily accede to union demands;
• state of demand for products; full order books enable more concessions to be made by management; low order books may even encourage manage¬ment to force a strike, which will reduce labour costs.
It should be noted that there is that there is a complex mix¬ture of factors within and without the organization which affects the unionrelationship and that although there is an agreement to go through grievance or disputes procedures (in a constitutional way) the majority of strikes in the USA are unconstitutional, that is, in breach of procedure.
Joint consultation proposed by unions is used both to mean the arrangements in an industry as a whole for consultation between trade unions and employers’ representatives, and committees set up within an individual firm. The industry bodies are usu¬ally permanent and are known as joint industrial councils.
It is desirable that these unions do not concern themselves with pay rates, etc. Union consultation provides means of:
• regular two-way communication between management and employees;
• keeping employees advised of the firm’s policies and plans;
• obtaining employees’ suggestions and giving them a say in the provision с г
amenities;
• enabling them to air their grievances regarding discipline or work rule?
etc.
For instance, pay is high compared with other firms and labour turnover is exceptionally low, operating at around 2% if the industry has no trade unions. The management claim that the employees have no need for a union nor do they want one. The state operating through government policies and the legal system has had considerable influence of the personnel function in three major areas; through legislation; through manpower policies concerned with the supply of labour and education and training; and through third-party intervention.
According to resent studies: ”Unions are really only about keeping the unions running. All they’re really interested in is keeping membership so they can collect dues that go into the union’s leadership’s pockets. In their day, unions did a lot for workers-made safer conditions, regular pay raises, etc. But today, the government does all that. So what is the point? Today, unions do nothing much more than funnel money into politicians’ pockets, and generally raise the prices of goods produced” (Wendland, n.d.).The need to decide begins when policymakers perceive an external problem with which they must deal and attempt to define its distinguishing characteristics objectively. Objectivity requires full information about the actions, motivations, and capabilities of other actors as well as the character of the international environment and trends within it.
G. Bush policy towards unions
According to the public opinion: “Bush has waged a war against workers’ freedom to form unions and have a voice on the job, often using the justification that collective bargaining is incompatible with national security.” Simply put, Bush used rhetoric of “national security” to pursue the anti-union agenda he supported prior to the events of September 11th. In fact, Bush claimed that workers who wanted to preserve their collective bargaining right were opposed to national security and might be supporting terrorist efforts” (Wendland, n.d.). The real difference between conventional methods of negotiations over union claims and productivity agreements is that, when new proposals are agreed, there is sufficient control to see they are carried out. Management offers an inducement to workers in return for increased production, the removing of demarcation lines, reductions in manning, or in overtime.
Conclusion
It is possible to conclude that there are different viewpoints on unions in the USA. Some researchers suppose that unions are the most powerful tool to secure workers in changing environment. On the other hand, unions become a sticking point for many organizations, including private and government sector. Very often, unions’ policy disaccorded with mission and goals of the companies persuading blindly following employees demands to the prejudice of corporate interests. The long-term objective is to create an atmosphere in which employees will be more willing to accept new working arrangements and be more ready to co-operate in raising productivity. Nevertheless, the role of unions should not be diminished. For a long time, they were a support for those who could not resist inequality and abasement at work themselves.
Summary
There are different views on the unions’ efficiency and benefits within different industries. On the one hand unions secure employees relationship and protect their rights in case of conflicts and disputes. In reality, unions do less to improve industrial relations. In many cases they are unable to resolve the problems faced by the employees. The negative effect of unions’ policy on government and industrial sectors has been proved by many researchers. The danger is that many employees try to involve their unions in dispute settlement without valid reasons which lead to long-lasting conflicts. The unwritten agreements become a custom and may be regarded as a ‘law’. So although the agreements satisfy people on the “shop floor” for instance, this may conflict with the ideas of higher management. In order to ensure workflows smoothly through their section, although the agreement may conflict with overall company policy. For the reasons mentioned above, Bush administration does not support a union movement trying to protect Government and industrial sector from groundless interference.

References
1. Beardwell, I. Holden, L., Claydon, T. Human Resource Management, London Pitman Publishing, 2004.
2. Green, G.D. Industrial relations. London, Pitman Publishing, 4th edition, 1994.
3. Emmott B., Crook C., Michlethwait J. Globalisation: Making Sense of an Integrating World, Economist Books, 2002.
4. Union strength (N.d.). Available at: http://www.afscme.org/about/about4.htm
5. “What is the difference between …”. (N.d.) Available at: http://www.uawhonda.ca/union_vs_no_union.htm
6. Wendland, J. Bush’s Anti-union Record. (N.d.) Available at: http://www.politicalaffairs.net/article/articleview/143/1/32/

Essay Paper on European Immigration

admin — Thu, 03 Jun 2010 13:58:56 +0000

During the Republics first century, American law held that all white people had equal rights to the benefits of American civilization. Some distinctions were made between citizens and non-citizens: only citizens had the right to vote, and only a native-born citizen could become president, for example. For white people, however, legal access to American citizenship was virtually unrestricted. Potential immigrants might not be able to afford the passage to the United States, but once they were here, the law (if not necessarily the residents) welcomed them; naturalization was theirs for the asking. The law did not intrude on people’s rights to travel, to change their residence or to decide their own destiny. An important consequence was that whites who arrived on American territory were automatically subject to the protection of the American Constitution and laws.

In his book A Different Mirror Ronald Takaki interprets the full sweep of American history as being dominated by the interactions of immigrant and ethnic groups. European immigration groups were more successful in gaining wealth and higher status than people outside Europe. According to Takaki, several racial legislation acts and immigration of skilled workers from Europe contributed to superiority of European immigrants, namely Anglo-Saxon immigrant groups. Some of the discriminatory legislation acts were the Naturalization Act of 1790, the Chinese Exclusion Act and the Immigration Act.

Naturalization Act of 1790 is a racist act restricting the naturalization of persons of color, reserved citizenship for “Whites only.” (Takaki 9). This piece of legislation affirmed the young nation’s commitment to restricting citizenship to “useful men” from Europe. Only those considered to be the “worthy part of mankind” would be able to acquire citizenship in the United States. The federal government would screen out “vagrants, paupers, and bad men.” Applicants for citizenship were forced to reside in the United States for two years, and they were required to be Caucasians. Excluded from citizenship were Native Americans and persons of color.

Federal legislation to restrict and control immigration in 1882 began with two laws, the Chinese Exclusion Act and the Immigration Act. Chinese laborers began to enter at the time of the California gold rush in 1849. They continued to come over the next several decades, moving into railroad building as well as mining, with some becoming agricultural workers and farmers as well. They were regarded by most Americans as alien, unwilling to adapt to American ways and unwanted. These sentiments led to the adoption of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which totally barred Chinese immigration to the United States for a ten-year period and strengthened the ban against their becoming American citizens (Takaki 200). The Immigration Act of 1882 was an important milestone, although it did not change the flow of immigration very much; rather, it asserted comprehensive federal responsibility for immigration for the first time. It set up a system of state boards, under the Department of the Treasury, to monitor immigration.

Essay Paper on Romantic Acting

admin — Wed, 02 Jun 2010 15:52:27 +0000

The prevailing atmosphere of a good portion of the nineteenth century theatre in Europe was the light of Romanticism. Extravagance was the watchword. Extravagant entertainment, extravagantly contrived plots and characters, extravagant displays in acting and personality traits took the new audiences to a never-never land of make believe. Plays ostensibly founded on historical fact bent those facts to a thesis or a point of view; plays ostensibly rooted in contemporary life generally carried both situation and character to the extremes of virtue and vice. Even the so-called well-made play was a Romantic effusion. Theatre architecture remained largely rooted in the past; stage decoration was intricate and often unrealistic.

Yet the period did develop some practices that were important to aftertimes. The audience was almost completely democratized, hitherto unreached segments of the population being brought into the theatre for the first time. Non-acting managers and producers were established as the rule rather than the exception. There was some experimentation in theatre architecture, notably at Bayreuth, with its rejection of boxes and galleries and incorporation of banked seats. Gas and then electricity initiated experimentation and advance in the separate area of lighting. Historical accuracy in costuming developed to the point of complete acceptance and, indeed, there was often an overemphasis upon antiquarianism. Modern methods of makeup came into existence. The cult of the individual star triumphed. It was an active, almost a hectic, period which brought us to the doorway of today.

The rise of the Romantic drama brought in a whole new school of actors and acting styles. The struggles of a unique individual, heroically at odds with conventions and his environment, absorbed the attention of playwrights. As for dramatic form, the rule of the unities was challenged, and plays became as unlimited in time, place, and action as their characters were free from the demands of “decorum.” Nature, wild and untamed, came to be represented in stage settings, although these did not differ radically from those in vogue since the Renaissance. The stage set still consisted of painted flats arranged in perspective and closed at the back of the stage by a painted backdrop.

Nature in man, equally wild and untamed, was represented in the dramatic conflicts of the plays. Since observation of men in orderly contemporary society, moreover, was apt to be tame and, above all, since it was not likely to fill the spectator with a sense of wonder, the dramatists turned to situations of social disorder and to the romantic past. The acting styles varied from Classical to Romantic (exaggerated movements, speech, etc.)…

Essay Paper on the Organization Goals

admin — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 15:21:35 +0000

The organization selected is Citigroup, the biggest financial company in the world. A few months ago, I did an internship at a local Smith Barney branch and am to some extent familiar with the organization.

The goals stated on the company’s website are both broad long-term ambitions and short-term, more concrete goals. For instance, in talking about their “Shared Responsibilities” the company states its major goal to be becoming “the most respected global financial services company”. Besides, they mention their obligation top investors to deliver profits as well as growth. The company does not simply want to generate profits – instead it wants to “deliver those profits and generate growth responsibly”. Besides, Citigroup pursues the goal of building trust as a foundation in the relations between its stakeholders.

These goals do not meet all the characteristics of effective goals that “should be measurable, realistic and desirable”. Citigroup’s broad goals are definitely desirable as they are motivated by the desire of the company to meet the highest ethical and business standards. They are realistic: given Citigroup’s already leading position, the company can hope to retain its leading position. Although the corporate image of Citigroup has been dimmed by recent scandals, the company can still uphold its image. However, they are not measurable as they are not quantifiable. What does it mean being “the most respected”? The company does not specify it, and thus this goal looks rather vague.

Citigroup sets more concrete goals speaking of its financial education program, for instance. Thus, the company states that “this year, Citigroup’s goal is to reach 10500 students through 360 volunteers”. This goal meets every characteristic of effective goal: it is realistic since it is commensurate with the scope of the company’s previous educational programs, desirable and also measurable since it is possible to assess if the company has achieved it.

Essay on Economics

admin — Mon, 31 May 2010 15:43:50 +0000

…1) The product, a digital personal weight scale, allows consumers to control their weight at home. Especially, weight scales benefits people who are on a diet and people who suffer from obesity. The product is a device which integrates a scale and a digital component. The use of the integrated system is expected to make it more convenient for people to manage their weight. More expensive equipment offered more substantial computational capacity, and both graphical and digital displays and print-outs. The product meets the consumers needs involving a wide audience of potential buyers: professional sportsmen, individual buyers, shaping and sports clubs, etc.

2) The pricing decision is influenced by a number of substitute products such body weight analyzers, solar scales, dial scales. They have a great impact on pricing decision being very similar to the digital personal weight scale for home use. The products differ by modification and settings. The price is influenced by product homogeneity factor. Thus, Tanita finds it desirable to distinguish their products from those of their competitors in ways that consumers find meaningful.

3) Differential elasticities of demand are necessary because there is to be a profit incentive for Tanita to set a higher price in one market than another. High price elasticity suggests low prices; price inelasticity suggests high prices. Another necessary condition for differential pricing is that the market is separated effectively. Unless tariffs, transportation costs, or re-exporting costs are higher than the price differential, or unless other restrictions on the free transfer of goods across political boundaries exist, products sold in a low-price market may find their way into a high-price market. The price is elastic because product prices and income are predetermined and the quantity of the product is varied.

4) In general, pricing policy for a digital personal weight scale is based not only by cost and the nature of demand but also by competitive action. Competitors do not adjust their prices in response to rising costs, management—even if acutely aware of the effect of rising costs on operating margins—will be severely constrained in its ability to adjust prices accordingly. In this case, pricing policy of Tanita is depended on the pricing policy of its major competitors, and their special proposition for weekends. Today, is necessary to cut prices to stay competitive. Costs are helpful in estimating how rivals will react to setting a specific price, assuming that knowledge of one’s own costs helps to assess the reactions of one’s competitors. Costs may help in estimating a price that will keep out or discourage new competitors from entering an industry…

Essay Paper on Economics

admin — Fri, 28 May 2010 07:16:25 +0000

Articles Review

The article “Strategic Giving for Entrepreneurs” describes how a small entrepreneurial company (MA&A Group) decided to allocate some part of the company resources to charity. It was a risky decision but the managers of the company planned strategically. The events took place when the company just started its activities and had problems with recruiting and retaining employees. Therefore, the company leaders established partnerships with charitable organizations. So, MA&A group initiated volunteer program for the employees. The workers of the company had opportunities to be involved in charitable activities.

Thus, the company partnered with two agencies such as Habitat for Humanity and the North Fulton Community Charities in Atlanta. Both agencies supported people who were below the poverty line. MA&A Group allowed its employees to spend eight hours a quarter for doing charity activities. As the result, the workers’ opinion about the company significantly improved; retention rate became better. Also, the managers of the company have discovered hidden talents in some employees (e.g. leadership skills). Besides, the employees started to have more motivation to work. Moreover, allocating resources to charity became an excellent marketing tool for the company. More people in the community became familiar with MA&A Group; the visibility has increased and the company sales went up.

The article “Hurricane Economics” assesses the economic effect of hurricane Katrina and describes the allocation of resources after the hurricane. We learn from the article that the government plans to spend $62.3 billion to help those people who live in the affected area to rebuild their houses. However, the author of the article believes that this decision about the allocation of resources is not strategically logical. Thus, the replacement of the destroyed property will not help to lift the economy of the country and that can be explained by the old “broken window fallacy”. Breaking windows is advantageous for glaziers because it creates jobs for them but the owners of the property will suffer damages because they paid money to glaziers for repairing windows instead of spending their money on something more enjoyable.

The same situation exists with financing short-term recovery and repair related to hurricane Katrina. Government funding can help those residents who live in the affected area to rebuild their houses; however, it’s not the appropriate allocation of resources because the repair of houses will be financed by insurance; therefore, it’s more reasonable for the government to concentrate on financing the repair of public infrastructure.

Essay Paper on “Down and Out in Discount America”

admin — Thu, 27 May 2010 15:29:56 +0000

The article “Down and Out in Discount America” by Lisa Featherstone deals with the issues of corporate social responsibility and consumer behavior. Сorporate social responsibility means a company’s commitment to minimizing or eliminating any harmful effects and maximizing its long-run beneficial impact on society. It includes such areas of responsibility as obeying laws and ethical norms and treating employees fairly. A socially responsible consumer would avoid buying products from companies that harm society and actively seek out products from companies that help society.

Lisa Featherstone believes that Wal-Mart primary customers are people who have low income and cannot afford to go shopping to some other place. Wal-Mart stores are mostly located in those areas where the majority of potential consumers are poor. Wal-Mart uses discounts as one of the main tools of its promotion. Those customers who make $20, 000 per year or less consider Wal-Mart as the best place for shopping because for the same amount of money they can buy more things in Wal-Mart than in any other retail store. Therefore, Wal-Mart “makes money off of poverty”.

Wal-Mart can be called a “corporate criminal” because it violates laws which protect the rights of workers. In order to lower labor costs and, thus, increase profitability Wal-Mart pays its employees about $8 dollars per hour. This low compensation allows workers to shop only in Wal-Mart. Thus, we can conclude that Wal-Mart stimulates poverty.

The most interesting fact is that low salaries of the employees help Wal-Mart in increasing sales. Not making enough money Wal-Mart workers “feel solidarity” with those poor customers who cannot afford any other choice and come to Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart’s employees identify themselves with the customers and, thus, can understand the customers’ needs better and provide better service.

Lisa Featherstone believes that customers’ refusal to shop in Wal-Wart could become one of the possible strategies for countering Wal-Mart’s violation of labor rights. However, many customers do not understand why they should be involved in anti-Wal-Mart campaign and refuse to buy things in Wal-Mart store. They identify themselves as “customers” instead of considering themselves “citizens”. Those customers think about saving money instead of looking for some ways to fight discrimination and violation of workers’ rights. That’s why Lisa Featherstone states that “the invention of the ‘customer identity’ has been an important part of a long process of eroding workers’ power…” Most people dream about “profitable” job rather than “satisfying” work. They value those things which they can buy with their salaries instead of valuing justice and equality at work place.

Consumers first need to become aware of a firm’s level of social responsibility before this factor can impact their purchasing. Most of us essentially believe that we should only base our purchasing on standard economic, rational criteria. Moreover, some people may even think that consumers should not base their buying on corporate social responsibility because companies should only be responsible for making a profit.

Essay Papert on “The Princess Bride” by Goldman

admin — Wed, 26 May 2010 09:28:22 +0000

No one is perfect is one of the most significant themes of “The Princess Bride” by Goldman. There are three main points which support that point of view. First of all, the author uses many examples to demonstrate that life is not always just; very often events do not correspond to the usual scheme of events in a fairy tale. Second, Goldman believes that love will persevere through anything; however, even true love cannot be perfectly honest and pure. Third, the author shows that fairy tale characters cannot necessarily be classified as positive and negative.

To begin with, several times in the story we notice life is not fair; things do not always happen the way we want them to happen. Thus, as we read, “This isn’t curious George Uses the Potty” we may assume that the story will come to a tragic end. For example, Westley, the princess’ true love, could be killed several times. Another famous quote, “Life is pain. Anyone who says differently is selling something…” emphasizes that nothing can be just and perfect, even in a fairy tale.

Our life is a constant battle where you can win or lose and the rules of the battle are not necessarily unbiased and lawful. The other example is, also, the conversation between Humperdick and Westley in the last chapter. Westley wants to fight Humperdick “To the pain!” and Humperdick wants to fight Westley “To the death!”. Such themes as unfairness and imperfection of the world are emphasized by honest and brave Westley who wants to leave Humperdick alive (even if Westley wins the battle) regardless cruel intentions of Westley’s enemy who would kill Westley if Humperdick won the battle.

Furthermore, the story shows that true love is not necessarily pure but it will persevere through everything. Several times in the story our main characters could die; however, the author “saves” them from death in order to show that true love will triumph. Thus, when Buttercup jumps into the sea because she is afraid of being killed the author tells us, “Well, since the book’s called The Princess Bride….obviously, the author’s not about to make shark kibble of his leading lady.” When Wesley was tortured to death we know that he’ll be brought back to life by the magic power, “You just know that the resurrection pill has got to work.”

As we see, true love conquers all; however, it seems from the story love between our characters is not equal and pure. Thus, Westley is truly in love with Buttercup and ready to sacrifice and do everything for his love: “I have taught myself languages because of you. I have not known a moment in years when the sight of you did not send my heart careening against my rib cage. I have not known a night when your visage did not accompany me to sleep…”

Essay Paper on Salton Sea and Biodiversity

admin — Wed, 26 May 2010 07:59:41 +0000

The Salton Sea, sometimes called “California’s crown jewel of avian biodiversity”, is notable for the outstanding variety of bird species, exceeded only by the Texas Gulf Coast. Sadly, this exquisite landscape is now endangered as California loses wetlands, the birds’ natural habitat at the most alarming rate in the nation. As Milton Friend, Executive Director of Salton Sea Science Subcommittee, “more than 90 percent of the wetland acreage within California present at the time of colonization of the United States has been converted to other forms of landscape, primarily agriculture and urban development”.

The current problems of this huge lake that has come to be called a sea are a grave challenge and threaten the survival of the unique habitat. Its salinity now amounts to 44 parts per thousand (ppt) and rises about 0.5% annually (Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security). Severe outbreaks of avian disease, for instance a 1992 epidemic causing the deaths of 155,000 birds and later outbreaks, endanger the existence of the avian fauna. Most of the lake’s problems are supposed to have been caused by deforestation and industrial contaminants that land in the water.

Any efforts to restore the basin of the Salton Sea have to be undertaken in coordination with any other projects on the restoration of the Colorado River Basin. The quantity and quality of pollutants (selenium, DDE, PCBs) that land in the water have to be closely monitored as those are harmful to wildlife. Besides, attention has to be paid to decreasing the salinity of the water, content of nutrients and sustaining adequate levels of oxygen. Besides, efforts have to be made to stop the deforestation process around the sea.

Deforestation is an extremely harmful phenomenon since forests support biodiversity including trees, non-wood plants and animals. Woods also have an important role in watershed protection and soil conservation. Elimination of forests disrupts the hydrological cycle changing the delicate balance of water on the surface and underground, which in turn can lead to soil erosion. Trees protect the ground from landslides that become more frequent after deforestation. Therefore, the preservation of wildlife and natural habitats on earth is in direct dependence on the preservation of forests…

Essay Paper on DC Snipers

admin — Wed, 26 May 2010 07:48:07 +0000

The major legal aspect related to DC Snipers case is the issue of death penalty. Thus, there was controversy whether John Allen Muhammad and John Lee Malvo who were serial killers involved in the case should receive the death penalty. Even though John Lee Malvo was only 17 he could still get the death penalty in Maryland and Virginia.

Those who support capital punishment have three major arguments. First, capital punishment should be justified because it serves as deterrence of crimes. In other words, fear of death causes people to deter from committing crimes.

Second, life in prison would mean more costs to the tax payers, not to mention cost of feeding and housing the prisoner for life. Some tax payers would feel disappointed if their family member was murdered and their tax money was going to support the murderer. Besides, the prisons are overcrowded already.

Third, capital punishment improves public security. Placing a murderer on a life sentence would mean they would be eligible for parole and who’s to say that if that person gets back on the streets they won’t kill again.

Personally, I believe that capital punishment is a waste of human life. No matter how many criminals one kills in order to avenge someone’s death, the victim is not going to come back. The victim won’t be able to know what has happened and their family is still going to be mourning their death for time and time to come. Killing the murderer might give the family some comfort in knowing that s/he can no longer harm anyone, but in reality, who can be comforted by the death of someone? Besides, capital punishment is not a deterrent. The crime rate hasn’t gone down since capital punishment came into play. In fact, if anything, the rate has been slowly increasing.

Also, an innocent person can be convicted of a crime and put to death at anytime. The world is not perfect and everyone makes mistakes. Taking an innocent life in order to put a family at ease is not justice. It is still what you would call murder. Who would be able to bring back the life of the one that the government killed. Would they be able to live with themselves knowing they did wrong? But then again, if you look on the other side, taking one life is nothing compared to taking 300 lives all in one.

Some say that capital punishment brings out the blood thirst and vengeance in humans and in some cases, this can be true. For example, when some one is murdered, the people closest to the victim would want revenge. They would want the murdered dead as well. This can be true only if we go around killing everyone who has murdered at least once in their life, but that is not what this system is about. Although, in one point of view, it does look like vengeance, it can be justice as well. If the murderer has committed many murders, then this would be avenging not just one family, but also the families of all the victims.

Essay Paper on Machiavelli’s Works

admin — Mon, 24 May 2010 15:22:10 +0000

Machiavelli is principally known for his writings, “The Prince” composed in 1513 and dedicated to Lorenzo de’ Medici in 1515-16, printed in 1531 and “The Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livy”, 1513-17. “The Prince” is called one of the most radical books in the history, because the ideas expressed by Machiavelli differ greatly from the previous philosophical tradition running form Plato and Aristotle to Aquinas. “The Prince” is a kind of a textbook for those who want to maintain power and gain control. The book consists of 26 chapters with a separate plot development.

Machiavelli’s reputation as a political theorist is due, first, to his new scientific method. “The Prince” includes theoretical interpretation of the role of politics and a ruler, and gives practical advice how to keep power and maintain strict control. Machiavelli distinguishes two types of power: republics and principalities. Machiavelli claimed novelty for his method, which he defined as drawing maxims or rules for successful political behaviour from history and experience. The method is illustrated in Chapter 3, where ‘the general rule’ that he who enables someone to become powerful ruins himself is drawn from Machiavelli’s practical experience of Louis XII’s campaign in Italy that made Popes Alexander VI and Julius II strong at his own expense. Machiavelli’s method has been called inductive or scientific in drawing conclusions from practical or historical experience of human nature that is unchanging in political regimes experiencing a natural cycle of growth and decay.

The radical element of his ideas is that they are based on a pragmatic approach to politics, trying to be useful by getting at the real truth of the matter instead of dealing merely with imaginary situations. This involves a realistic assessment of politics in terms of power and control. According to Machiavelli “government consists in nothing else but in so controlling subjects that they will not be able to nor have cause to do you harm” and of human nature in terms of its passions, to control which he must be like a centaur, half man and half beast, combine the cunning of a fox with the strength of a lion, cruel or parsimonious as ‘necessity’ demands. Machiavelli views the state as an organic structure governed by its own laws of development and enjoying its own justification in terms of its success.

In contrast to previous philosophical tradition, Machiavelli does not subordinate moral standards to political ones, recognizing “how praiseworthy it is for a prince to keep his word and to live by integrity and not deceit’ and that ‘it is wrong not only according to Christian standards but by any human standards’ to treat people as inhumanely as Philip of Macedon did in moving them from province to province”.

Plato’s suggestion that philosophers will never be kings and must concentrate on surviving the storm finds an echo in Augustine’s ambivalence about the values of earthly politics. The heavenly city has no politics; neither the theory nor the practice of elections, committees, government by the rule of law and the rest can make any sense. Machiavelli’s realism involves an acceptance of the limits of human nature, but it does not imply that the politician’s task is to rule in accordance with nature, let alone that there are natural rulers and natural subjects.

Essay Paper on What Good Life Is

admin — Mon, 24 May 2010 15:07:18 +0000

From ancient time, the question of “a Self” has been the major concern in philosophical thought. Philosophers and political figure, clergy and common people have tries to answer the questions “Who am I?”, “What is a Self?” and “What factors make the life good or bad?”. Still, there is no single opinion about the good life. Every epoch creates its own values and moral rules changing our understanding about a self and the good life.

Every philosopher and philosophical school has developed a unique interpretation of “a self” and “the good life” supporting their arguments by values and laws of their historical epoch.

Socrates, Robert Bellah, Cornell West, Martin Luther King, Jr., G.W.F. Hegel, Frantz Fanon, and Charles Taylor are those who made a great contribution into the theory of “a self” and explaining the elements of “the good life”. Their interpretations of “a Self” and “the good life” have much in common, although all of them are unique philosophical ideas that reflect the spirit of their times.

For Socrates (470-399 BC) the good life should question everything. It is a life full of doubt and of self-awareness. His philosophy can be describes as a critical thoughtfulness which has a great influence on his world interpretation. The good life is the life of a lively and inquisitive mind. Probably, the most important and well know Socrates statement is that “Not life, but good life, is to be chiefly valued”. Socrates says about “a self”: “For who is there but you? who not only claim to be a good man and a gentleman, for many are this, and yet have not the power of making others good. Whereas you are not only good yourself, but also the cause of goodness in others”. To summerize, people happiness is caused by doing what is right, and only when a person can reach the state of true utility he achieves happiness, an the good life. All actions of people are aimed toward the positive, and purpose is in nature.

Martin Luther King represents a completely different era of the 1950s in America. For him, the good life and a concept of “self” means the good will and equal righst between “blacks and whites”. He promulgated his vision of the good life in the speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in 1963. His famous expression shows that the good life is when “all men are created equal”. Martin Luther King hopes that American citizens, “whites” and “blacks”, will be equal in their rights and that racial minorities will be equally treated by majority. For Martin Luther King, the good life is absence of segregation and racial inequalities, rights of “black” for education and social programs. So, the good life is connected with liberty while “a self” means equal right and opportunities, free choice and absence of discrimination in the state…

Essay Paper on François Gérard

admin — Mon, 24 May 2010 09:59:03 +0000

An Artist Shaped by its Time

Historical events usually can help the in-born leaders to reveal their talents. However, as world practice showed, historical circumstances may also be helpful enough to shape the image of an artist. France may be a good example to prove how French revolution eventually provided a good material for its future artists. David and François-Pascal-Simon Gérard are good examples of prominent French artists who made the historical events and outstanding historical figures the basis of their future works.

The description of François -Pascal-Simon Gérard’s works one may find in many sources. Eventually, I decided to choose Encyclopaedia Britannica. In this source, François -Pascal-Simon Gérard is being described as a neoclassical painter who is best known for his portraits of celebrated European personalities, particularly the leading figures of the French First Empire and Restoration periods. Still, I do not consider this short description to be enough long to provide a clear understanding of the artist’s image. Consequently, I decided to add to my paper a detailed biography of the artist.

Biography
François Gérard was born in 1770 in Rome into the family of a French clerk/officer of the French Embassy and an Italian mother. The boy grew up in Rome. Here, at the cradle of Roman culture, the artistic taste of the future painter has been shaped. In other words, having been influenced by the Roman culture, François Gérard acquired many positive features that in the future, would shape him as one of the greatest artists. However, Italy was not the only country that shaped the image of François Gérard. In fact, the removal of François Gérard’s family to France was no less essential. Being famous for its outstanding people, France became the place where new ideas have been born. It is in France with its revolutions and social changes where the future teacher of François Gérard David has received his inspiration for the creation of his future works.

The family removal to France took place in the year 1782. Eventually, the family came to Paris, where François studied in the studio of the sculptor Augustin Pajou. When a François Gérard has reached the age of sixteen, he entered the studio of Jacques-Louis David and soon became one of his favorite pupils. In the same way like his prominent teacher the author specialized in creating portraits.

In 1790, after his father’s death, Gérard traveled to Italy. Later on he married his mother’s younger sister. Soon his mother died that eventually put him in the state when he had to take care of his younger brother. Consequently, the future artist had to earn enough both for his own living, and for protection of his younger brother. The major part of his earnings eventually came from illustrations the works of Racine and Virgil.

Tough constituting the major part of François Gérard’s works portraits has not become the only kind of art François Gérard actually did. In fact, François Gérard tried himself in painting historical scenes and even won the competition to commemorate the meeting of the National Assembly of 10 August 1792…

Essay Paper on Beauty Image

admin — Mon, 24 May 2010 09:50:36 +0000

In the recent years the feminists’ beliefs have substantially spread throughout the country among female part of the population. Proclaiming equal opportunities and equal rights, prophets of feminism went far beyond establishing deep conviction in the heart of each woman that changes both in appearance and behavior are harmful and not necessary. Every woman should remain as she is. Amanda Fazzone, prominent journalist, is one of those who believe and convince others that beauty images drawn from media are false. However, what is really fake is the feminists’ idea that women shouldn’t aspire to the beauty images they are given from outside and refute any changes to improve their own self.

Amanda Fazzone is fairly considered to be the faithful follower of the feminists’ trend. In fact, the whole concept of feminism now starts to get blurred. If we look back, eighteenth and nineteenth-century classical liberal feminists wanted to extend the rights of man to women, and this classical liberal tradition of feminism is honored by most feminists today. But contemporary feminism is generally considered to have begun in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and came from a number of sources: New Left activists, disgusted with the way male activists treated them; radical separatists; and – most of all – generally “liberal” women, believing in the Bill of Rights and the American free enterprise system.

Feminists see women as strong, remarkable even in adversity personalities, who basically have the same spectrum of interests and talents as men do. Thus, the basic idea of feminism proponents, including Amanda Fazzone as their bright representative, is that women are not much different than men. Therefore, if we consider men as they are, why should women attempt to adapt to everything – circumstances, beliefs, perceptions, norms set above by societal prejudices. So, the most important implication of the statement is that women must be perceived as they are, not as they are supposed to be.

No wonder that Amanda Fazzone attacks the media, including advertising, for promoting the images of ascetic, skinny girls, tall and pale while the majority of American female society is quite opposite. She is greatly convinced that such a bright description is harmful to American society as it leads to the vague idea of beauty. Moreover, it makes a lot of women sacrifice their families, time, habits in order to be similar to those imaginary Barbie dolls.

Certainly, it is hard to disagree on the point that the idea of becoming beautiful shouldn’t be taken fanatically. It is not a secret that many American females make multiple plastic surgeries, spending thousands of dollars and actually undermining their own health. However, the inherent in every woman idea of changing to become better looking is acceptable and beneficial in itself. It is good when a woman sees a slender lady and wants to lose some weight and be like her. After all, overweighed women live far less than they could. They are people who are the most vulnerable to heart diseases. Excessive weigh is a problem of American society that should be fight with.

Essay Paper on Civil Warriors

admin — Thu, 20 May 2010 11:17:34 +0000

Globalization has, certainly, brought many benefits: free access to any goods or services for customers, and free access to customers for any firm, capable of satisfying consumer needs inside, as well as outside the national borders. Yet, it is hard not to notice that the era of world economy has inherent sins as well. Big corporations feel free to impose their interests, leaving people with no choice to consume what they want, but to purchase what is fashionable, popular, i.e. best advertised. Huge multinational companies created own cultures, the representatives of which chew Stimorol, drink Coca-cola, smoke Marlboro, eat Pringle’s etc. But what is disturbingly sad is that this sort of culture becomes promoted among young people, having negative impact on them.

The latter primarily concerns the producers of alcohol and tobacco. Tobacco giants distribute their products worldwide, making people addicted. It is a very convenient way to gain return customers. A lot of people all over the world die from lungs cancer, just because the TV commercial or newspaper ad were too seductive not to try one cigarette, as they thought at first. Many lawsuits are filed against tobacco producers every year. Yet, the giants have enough resources to win the trials and continue their operations. One of such lawsuit is vividly described in the book written by Dan Zegart “Civil Warriors: the legal Siege on the Tobacco Industry”, in which the author attempts to show how the lawyer becomes more than a simple man, who wants to earn money winning the case; but a person devoted to the affair of his life.

It is necessary to mention that Dan Zegart personally has spent five years, trying to track the tobacco producers and investigate the deal. His book is really considered one of the best examples of the investigative journalism. The main hero of the book is Ron Motley, certified lawyer who’s mother dies from lungs cancer and some heart deterioration. Probably, if there hasn’t been any personal tragedy like that, we wouldn’t see such a blood battle between Ron and those guilty of his mother’s death. “I’m going to get ‘em, Mom. I swear, if it’s the last thing I’ll do, I’ll get ‘em.” Those are the last words pronounced by Motley at the bed of his dying mother.

Interestingly, how the author describes Motley: he “had slicked-back black hair and a deep Southern accent. He wore a hand-tailored blue silk suit, but his socks didn’t match… he was colorblind. His handshake was ice cold, as if all the blood had gone to his face, which was red. He had piercing dark eyes, but a voice like warm bourbon” This description tells a lot about his character: it is a persistent man that always keeps his word; it is a man who never stops on the middle of the road and never takes small failures as the signs of the victory loss.

Essay Paper on Chinese Taxation

admin — Thu, 20 May 2010 11:13:56 +0000

Chinese and Roman civilizations account for thousands of years. They are considered ones of the most ancient civilizations in the world. Moreover, specifically Roman Empire and Han China are the two largest and most powerful empires of ancient Europe and Asia. However, considering the territorial distance and ethnographic peculiarities they differ in many ways – economic, cultural, demographical basis. One of such serious differences is represented in their economic life, specifically taxation. In fact, Roman taxation seems to be more efficient than the one of China, because of its accuracy and more justifiable economic basis.

The Han dynasty dates back to 202 BCE when Liu Bang, the former policemen, defeated his brilliant and more ruthless rival, Xiang Yu and became emperor. His road to the throne wasn’t easy as he had to fight against many rivals in the faces of different families. However, his success was firm. Liu Bang’s government was a return to authoritarian rule. Yet, China needed a strong emperor to gain its prosperity and stability. Liu started a smart fiscal policy that would benefit the country and contribute to overall economic growth. He lowered taxes for peasants and others trying to enhance economic incentive of this class. Yet, Han also pursued another goal – the desire to keep peasants quiet.

The first form of tax in China was an income tax. It meant that people paid their taxes after they got the money from their harvest. However, since it was quite hard to predict the harvest, it was also almost impossible to predict the taxes planned. Incomes from selling harvest were often market-driven – a stable amount could not be guaranteed especially after harvest-reducing natural disasters. Since many peasants couldn’t pay the taxes, they were forced by merchants to sell their lands. It enabled merchants to become huge landowners. The Han government imposed more taxes on the remaining independent servants in order to make up the tax losses, therefore encouraging more peasants to come under the landholding elite or the landlords.

Later on, when the vast lands were accumulated in the hands of certain families, another kind of tax took an effect. This time Han government proposed a land tax, which was based on the size of the fields, but not on the harvest gathered from this filed. In fact, the common feature of both Han and Roman taxation was the tax base – land.

Essay Paper on Analysis of “Candide” by Voltaire

admin — Thu, 20 May 2010 10:33:21 +0000

In “Candide” Voltaire aimed at criticizing a wide range of ‘evils’, such as corruption, war, natural disasters, greed, hypocrisy of church. Therefore the novel contains plentiful of major and minor characters used by Voltaire in depiction of those problems. The major characters that I would like to compare and contrast in detail in my essay are Candide, Pangloss, Martin, and Cacambo. Other key subtle characters comprise the Cunegonde, Grand Inquisitor, Count Pococurante, Dutch captain Vanderdendur, the farmer, and others. They are designed mainly to facilitate the story and depict certain vices and problems of the society.

Candide is the main hero of the novel. His name per se, derived from the Latin word candidus, means “white” pointing to the fair-mindedness and lack of corruption of the central character of the story.

Candid begins in the novel as an immaculately innocent and naïve person. Having been living in the castle for many years, he has very little knowledge of the world. Candide devoutly believed in the principle that “Everything is for the best in this best of all possible worlds” taught by his mentor Pangloss. Armed with it, he embarked on a long-lasting journey with the aim to ultimately unite with his beloved. While travelling, he observed or took part in a number of risky ventures, suffered tremendous hardships and through his experience and communication with his companions reached at a much wiser and tempered outlook at life.

Candide’s first experience was in an army of Bulgars, where he witnessed and participated in bloody fights. This experienced, however acute, didn’t alter his optimistic philosophical outlook at life, but laid a base for the change in his character in the future. The first clear change in his character is encountered while Candide is in Lisbon. We can see that he became much more bold and daring when he killed the Grand Inquisitor. Candide’s character is further rather strengthened during his travel in South America.

He continues being more venturesome, as well as more realistic in his philosophical approach to life. His life experience grew and he started understanding that the life is pretty similar in all parts of the world. His naivety gave place to experience, thus showing us Candide that is more capable of making crucial and decision and wise acts than before. This is shown during his journey to Eldorado country and on his travel back to France.

Critical Essay of “The Friar’s Tale” by Chaucer from “Canterbury Tales”

admin — Wed, 19 May 2010 14:22:03 +0000

“The Friar’s Tale” is an integral part of the “Canterbury Tales” narration.

Chaucer depicts social and religious situation and ridicules false values and absence of religious morality existing in church. It is difficult to reconstruct the exact date of this text but Copper supposes that “The text of the Friar’s Tale shows no significant variants in the major manuscripts, and there is no evidence that Chaucer ever had any intentions for the tale other than those indicated by its present context.”

In the Middle Ages church did not keep morality and traditions itself using human sins and faults as the main source of profit.
In “The Friar’s Tale” Chaucer depicts corrupt clergy through the character of Summoner. The main purpose of writing this very tale is to depict that church does not keep customs and does not follow commandments itself.

Distinction between spiritual and temporal power creates a space for freedom, in which an individual can oppose the church. In these conditions, Chaucer’s satires dwell on the darker side of human nature, including his love of jokes and riddles shown by the devil. A spirit of mischievous and subversive anarchy runs through this writing. In this work, Chaucer provided his own obituary, declaring, among other things. “Craik argues that the true ridicule embedded in his portrait is not the performance of his professional employment, but the corruption of his duties”

Chaucer portrays literary conflict between morals and desire to easy money. He makes it clear through the episode of the devil and Summoner. Chaucer shows that Summoner has the same nature as the devil using trickery and fraud to sell indulgencies.

He poisons out of his own entrails. It shows the contradiction between real and imaginary values. “’Now, brother,’ quod the devel, ‘be nat wrooth; / Thy body and this panne been myne by right.” The demon’s feudal obligations at that moment override his vow of brotherhood to the summoner, and the demon invokes his right to the summoner based on their original sworn vow as now supported by the widow’s sacred oath and legal proof”.

The liberty that Chaucer cherished is less religious than intellectual and his satires offer a consistent challenge to reasoning powers to find a way through delusions and lies. Chaucer unveils a satire on the modern culture which uncovers imperfection of the society and low morals. Depicting cultural degradation, Chaucer revels in the world of literary ephemera, turning topical themes into metaphors for human pride. It remains disappointing that the social issues that are generally identified as pertaining to religion deal with questions of individual choice, rather than of communal responsibility.

Essay Paper on Islam

admin — Wed, 19 May 2010 14:14:19 +0000

Unlike the origins of other religions, a considerable amount of detailed information is available about the foundation of Islam. Based on the teachings of Muhammad (d. 632 CE), revered as the Prophet, the central beliefs of Islam were collated in written form early in the movement’s history as the sacred Qu’ran. Like other religious works, the Qu’ran contains elements of history embedded within the text. For example, the references to the lost city of Ubar, swallowed up by the desert, were substantiated in 1992 by the use of space technology, which has located the ruins of an ancient trading center in what is today Oman. The appeal of Islam, however, can be found in an uncomplicated monotheism and in the simple code of ethics taught by the Prophet.

As a belief system, early Islam appealed to a wide range of social groups. For the nomadic peoples, it offered a clear and simple set of everyday ethical standards, a monotheism that established a direct personal tie between the divine and the believer. Allah, omnipresent and just, would dispense eternal rewards or punishment to all believers, who were enjoined to practice good works, justice, and compassion. Islam offered an egalitarian community to all believers. The Qu’ran provided clear instructions for the resolution of social problems surrounding divorce or inheritance, and improved the everyday treatment of women, children, and slaves.

Cosmopolitan urban elites mired in philosophic and religious debates found simple resolutions to unanswerable theological problems, but within a framework that was broad enough to permit appreciation and incorporation of ideas originally external to Islam. Jews and Christians, especially minority Christian groups persecuted as heretics, found protection under Islamic political administration, for the Qu’ran taught that as long as the political authority of Islamic rulers was accepted and obeyed and a specific tax paid, Jews and Christians were to be left to practice their beliefs as they chose. The political stability that was achieved during the early expansion of Islam also provided a secular motive for conversion, as acceptance among the brotherhood of believers and a knowledge of Arabic (as with the knowledge of Latin or Greek elsewhere) enabled merchants and local elites to participate in the general prosperity.

The initial spread of Islam was dramatic and unprecedented. Conversion was frequent, especially among nomadic peoples in north Africa, Anatolia, and central Asia. Less than a decade after the death of the Prophet, Egypt had been taken from the Byzantine Empire. The first siege of Constantinople happened in 674 CE and the Byzantine Empire was only stabilized in the eighth century. By 711 CE, Islamic armies had swept across the Mediterranean coast of Africa and were landed in Spain. In the following year, an Islamic invasion into India began. By 751 CE, Islamic armies were at the Chinese frontier, leading to the fall of the Tang.

This rapid expansion of the Islamic world should be thought of as a series of waves of conversion, jihad, settlement, and new conversions. To invent an illustration of how this process may have worked, think of a newly converted young man from Egypt who embarks on the jihad and, over time, finds himself perhaps in Morocco, where he settles as a mature man. Due to his age, proven abilities, and loyalty, he would be rewarded with administrative responsibilities and privileges, becoming part of the new Islamic elite of the region and absorbing the urban cosmopolitan culture he comes into contact with. At the same time, he would be organizing and encouraging the next wave of conversion, jihad, and expansion.

Essay Paper on the Handsmaid’s Tale

admin — Wed, 19 May 2010 14:10:57 +0000

In her work Margaret Atwood discusses an important issue of the day concerning the status of women in the contemporary society and moral issues connected with it. The problems, unveiled in the work, had not received much publicity, because for some people these problems are too intimate or dedicated, they touch personal feelings and human soul.

Margaret Atwood is the feminist writer who depicts truth of life speaking about social problems of women. In her work she portrays and analyzes personal feelings of women, who lacks personal identity and suffered from ignorance of the world. The aim of the work is to compare and contrast two women’s characters, Offred and Moira, paying particular attention to their world perception and ability to resist oppression.
In the story Margaret Atwood depicts that women live in an “Iron cage” created by men. Both characters have the same attitude towards oppression. But the way they choose to resist differs greatly. Moira is a rebellious person who does not want to wait for better days. She knows perfectly well that she could be hanged, nevertheless she decides to escape Red Center. In contrast, Offred prefers not to fight against circumstances, but tries to find the best way for her to survive. She learns how to manipulate men and overcome mental oppression.

Offred supposes that perfect appearance and body is an important thing of her life. She thinks that woman should be pretty because it is natural for a female. For this very reason, she saves some butter in order to use it as a lotion: “Offred hides her daily allotment of butter in the toe of her shoe, to rub over her skin, later a moisterizer from the commander. Not because she’s worried about wrinkles, but because she needs to believe that there will be some future to stay unwrinkled for”. The problem was that Handsmaids were not allowed to use cream or other perfumes. Offred says: “To such devices have we descended”. Moira was a pretty woman, but she does not think that this practice could help her to survive. In this case, she is a real feminist accepted a natural beauty.

Both women try to change their life using different methods, but subconsciously, they are used to be weak and helpless. Their oppression prevents them to lead a normal way of life. Offred and Moira want to have the same rights as men have, to be equal to them. All her charm and beauty are hidden behind her dress. This is the only way, which helps her to survive and overcome depression. In contract, Offred likes to dress. As D.H Lawrence characterized women: “The real trouble about women is that they must always go on trying to adapt themselves to men’s theories of women”.

In contrast to Moira, Offred prefers to escape from life troubles rather than to solve them. Offred says about Moira: “I don’t want her to be like me. Give in, go along, save her skin…I want gallantry from her, swashbuckling heroism. Something I lack.” Moira understands that the only way for women is to fight against mail dominance. Nevertheless, both women possess an immense strength, and confidence, which is perhaps among their greatest attraction. Moira is the only one who keeps her real name.

Essay Paper on Drug Prevention

admin — Thu, 22 Apr 2010 13:28:46 +0000

Recent years, drugs, being a problem of our society and especially affects high school students. Most of them know that drug addiction is a bad habit, which ruins their health and personal image, but, still, many of them use drugs. In order to increase and prevent drug usage a special programs have been designed and successfully implemented at high school.

To obtain an objective opinion about the real state of the matter and the effectiveness of the programs used at high school, I interviewed Mr. Smith, who is responsible for delivering drug prevention programs at high school in Baltimore.

In the interview, Mr. Smith explained that boys demonstrated a higher drug usage level than girls. Some high school students have a strong drug habit at the 11th grade. He told that some of his students confessed that their friends and they first tried drugs when they were fourteen. Almost all drug addict males started it at around fourteen. At the beginning, students smoked two to three cigarettes per week. In a time, the amount of the drug usage increased.

Mr. Smith explained that asking the question why they first used a drug, most of their answers were closely connected with the influence of the peer group. Among other causes they mentioned stress, inquisitive and depression. Some of the girls used the word “excite” to describe the feeling when she first did it. Although it was too early for a fifteen-year-old girl to use a light drugs and she was happy about what she did. Mr. Smith supposed that some of the students started use drugs as they turned them into adults. Friends, especially elder boys, did not treat them as children.

So, Mr. Smith concluded that drug usage had a great influence on the peer group. Gradually, a lot of friends around a drug addict acquired the same habit. They talked about relaxing effect of drugs which, at the same time, became a symbol of maturation. Within the 9th-12th grade years, many students were attracted by all the “benefits” that they had told before. From the psychological point of view, some of them thoughts that having the similar habit their friends had would help them to break the ice, and, thus, they would be accepted by the peers.

Mr. Smith argued that effective drug prevention programs became an urgent need at high school, but, still, there is no panacea fro this problem. According to the report of the Drug Policy Research Center: “The purpose of school-based drug prevention programs is to prevent, or at least diminish, children’s use of a variety of substances, including licit substances such as alcohol and tobacco as well as illicit ones such as cocaine and marijuana”. The programs used in some Baltimore school are based on teach life skills approach. This method, Mr. Smith admitted, had proved its effectiveness and benefits in comparison with the other programs.

According to the research provided by Medical Study News: “Many of the programs taught life skills like avoiding peer pressure and better decision-making with interactive techniques like role-playing, and the teachers were often educators from outside the school. Few of the programs offered a “booster” or follow-up program after their initial run at a school”.

Based on this approach, Mr. Smith and his colleagues organized a special activities in order to reach the goal of this program. The main goal of the program is to “bring the message to the students” and show real state of the matters. Most of the drug addicts and those, who do not try drugs, believe that drugs would not cause any damage to their body, as they have not suffered from any illnesses. This is just a good way of relaxation. So, the aim of the program is to demonstrate, using role plays etc. that drugs made injure on their body but they just do not feel it being a short time addict.

Essay Paper on Simultaneous Distribution

admin — Thu, 22 Apr 2010 13:05:48 +0000

1. Increased competition is likely to persuade firms to explore various channel alternatives available to them in an attempt to extend their coverage as the way employed by Wagner in order to ensure his success on the market. Identification of new opportunities may or may not mean their giving up their traditional lines of distribution. Much depends on whether the new system is seen as being innovative. If the firm sees potential benefits accruing from adopting a distribution system which does not fit with those currently used by competing firms in the market, it is likely that they will test these in conjunction with the tried and tested methods currently under use.

Simultaneous distribution used by Wagner helps him to increase revenue and avoid pirate’s copies to be sold. In case of Wagner it is possible to say that simultaneous distribution works well for hum giving more opportunities in comparison with traditional methods. The ingredients led him to success is non-standard thinking allowed him to adopt new method in his business. Wagner releases films simultaneously to “his theaters, on DVD and one of the two cable channels he owns with Cubans”. For Wagner, distribution is increasingly forming the focus for firms’ innovation programmes as his firm sees merits in differentiating its distribution in much the same way that it differentiates its products to gain a competitive advantage over leading rivals.

2. The system of simultaneous distribution does not work for other studious because most of them have not enough resources to sustain simultaneous distribution activity. The problem in committing resources to new modes of distribution is the time it can take to change consumer behaviour and engender acceptance of new means of purchase. Some forms of distribution may be withdrawn before they have time to take effect. It is likely, therefore, that firms will begin to assess the potential offered by the new emerging alternative modes of distribution discussed later. Wagner has “controlling properties, from filmmaking to distribution, he can create a laboratory to test digital technologies. They enable him to perform functions like gathering data on potential audiences and using digital projectors to save on printing and shipping costs. Instead of worrying that piracy will hurt his box-office”.

The traditional marketing channel is likely to prove attractive to firms expanding for the first time who lack the resources to establish their own facilities and are thus reliant on the services of market-based intermediaries to handle the product for them. In contrast to other studious Wagner “controls a tiny piece of Hollywood’s action – from movie set to cinema to satellite dish, a sort of miniature version of the old studio system”. Another studios have not this possibility that is why the adoption of simultaneous distribution becomes problematic for most of them.

3. Firms should avoid simultaneous distribution if the different levels of development between retailers based in different markets raise the likelihood of intermediary. For instance, UK retailers, which are arguably the most developed in Europe, have the scope for expanding across Europe – taking with them some of the existing business from their domestic operations. For some firms, then, simultaneous distribution across the world may not be achieved through their traditional retailers…

Essay Paper on Behavior Definition

admin — Wed, 21 Apr 2010 12:12:12 +0000

The target behavior of the current observation and recording will be eating behavior of Christine, 25-years old young lady working in the large advertising agency with strict requirements toward the dress code and appearance. The evaluation of the specific behavior is related to the number of calories consumed by a lady during different types of eating episodes, number of those eating episodes, frequency of binge eating and then forced purging (also called vomiting), rate of food consumption, the negative effects on health and the main reasons for such incorrect eating behavior as a result of the society’s stereotypes, forced images and wrong perception of the receivers.

While identifying the target behavior of the current case, it is important to note that exactly forced purging after either normal or excess number of food is the main reason that constitutes the behavioral excess of Christine, which is perceived by the society in the double way. The first is the widely spread purging behavior of females in such industries as fashion, advertising, sports, beauty, publishing, television and others.

In such a way, having a forced stereotype of contemporary young lady who can be successful in business, personal life and have financial stability only while being slim like modern models, a target person Christine binges on food and then vomit in a cycle of binging and purging. Such purging is not caused by problems with stomach or food poison, but is forced on purpose to get rid of food, which just came inside the organism. Moreover, binge eating presumes quick way of eating large amounts of food over short periods of time, which is dangerous and harmful for the organism even if it is processed in the normal way without vomiting.

However, the current target behavior of a young lady Christine is characterized by the forced purging in an attempt to lose weight, which came from eating food or binging. Christine often feels a loss of control over her eating behavior in addition to being guilty because of such behavior. She is aware that such behavior is abnormal, but continues to perform like this being get used to this in an attempt to follow the stereotypes of the society, which are usually imagined, created and forced by fashion and beauty industries to increase their sales and business overall…

Essay Paper on “Selected Letters” by Madame de Sevigne

admin — Wed, 21 Apr 2010 12:02:52 +0000

“Selected Letters” by Madame de Sevigne (1626-1696) represents the greatest correspondence of the world’s literary works that provides a vivid picture of France in the seventeenth century at the time of Louis XIV with precise details of important figures, events and French life as a whole, which gives the reader an overall picture and understanding of the events in France at that period. Both important historical events and personal joys and disappointments are reflected in 1100 letters during merely fifty years of her life describing Madame de Sevigne as superficial and profound, melancholic and humorous personality so famed throughout the kingdom.

The Selected Letters of Madame de Sévigné give readers a glimpse of the harsh side of the seventeenth century in France. The majority of her letters show the historical and literary significance, especially those dated 29 April 1676, 1 May 1676, 17 July 1676, 19 December 1670, and 26 April 1671, which describe France in the seventeenth century with its dominance of such kings as Henry IV, Louis XIII, and Louis XIV.

Instead of supporting and developing the power of the country, each king only weakened the power of the expanded royal absolutism and the magnates at the expense of the nobility. As Madame de Sevigne often mentioned in her letters, Louis XIII inherited a very complex government system under which the king was unable to assert any authority. In addition, she provides an intriguing portrait of the lost age of Le Roi Soleil by describing the new plays of Racine and Moliere, speculating on court scandals including the intrigues of the King’s mistresses, discussing politics, fashion sense or relating her own family concerns.

In her letters about fashion and social life of France, Madame de Sevigne mentioned the transformation of the seventeenth-century France from a medieval walled city into the modern and open country with Paris as the center of fashion, social life and political events. Her own life was not exciting, unique or different from others, though her numerous letters represent a great significance for readers and especially modern scholars who based on her letters can restore the overall picture of mid-seventeenth-century France, its historical events and a personal picture of life at court during the era.

The majority of letters were addressed to her daughter Francoise de Sevigne after her marriage to Francois Adhemar de Monteil, Comte de Grignan. Their correspondence lasted for merely thirty years. During the period from 1670 till 1676 letters of Madame de Sevigne became semi-public documents and were circulated among large number of people who were amazed by the writing skills of Madame de Sevigne, wise and ironic comments of the historical events and such figures as the Kings of France and England, Duke de La Rochefoucauld, the Cardinal de Retz, the Countess de La Fayette, Marquise de Brinvilliers and others.

Essay Paper on Frankenstein’s Human Monster

admin — Tue, 20 Apr 2010 13:46:17 +0000

Imagination is something that has set human beings apart from the animal kingdom for thousands, perhaps millions of years. It is what has brought about the ability to control our environment: the ability to create. It is the very nature of humans, and subsequently science, to investigate how things work and in the end reproduce that process. Combined with imagination, science is a very powerful tool. This tool can be used for the benefit of human kind, or if put in the wrong hands, a tool that can be abused. It is human nature to wield this tool of creation and not care about the consequences.

In Mary Shelley’s “Frankenstein”, the monster that is portrayed displays a wide array of emotions and actions that are undeniably human. He experiences hatred, joy, relief, desire, and sympathy, among others. Although the monster is seen as horrid, the “normal” Victor Frankenstein abuses the intelligence given to him by his creator, to create something that would, in the end, be more human than himself.

Victor Frankenstein had imagination. It was this that fueled his desire to learn all he could about the known world and its inner workings. He started out wanting to help mankind and improve the quality of science. “…yet when I considered the improvement which every day takes place in science and mechanics, I was encouraged to hope my present attempts would at least lay the foundation for future success.” He had discovered the secret to reanimating lifeless matter, and was faced with the moral dilemma of creating a human being, (or a facsimile thereof) or leaving well enough alone. Being as driven as he was by curiosity and imagination, he decided to bypass morality and create his monster even in the likelihood that he would fail.

“I seemed to have lost all soul or sensation but for this one pursuit.” Frankenstein began to cut himself off from the world and, eventually himself, in order to spend all of his time and energy creating this monster. This is where the denial of his own humanity begins, which allows him to circumvent the moral issues standing in the way of his progress. “…and often did my human nature turn with loathing from my occupation, whilst, still urged on by an eagerness which perpetually increased, I brought my work near to a conclusion.” Frankenstein, while in the process of creating, is actually demolishing his own humanity. One wonders if it was not infused into the monster somehow.

After witnessing the “birth” of his creation, Frankenstein no longer has the delusion of success to comfort the hideousness of his deeds, and is flung further down the escalator of inhumanity. “Mingled with this horror, I felt the bitterness of disappointment; dreams that had been my food and pleasant rest for so long a space were now become a hell to me.” Frankenstein no longer had the comfortable vision of doing good to insulate him from the cold reality of his actions. He lost grip of his humanity more and more each day, while his creation began to gain human qualities and virtues as each day passed.

Essay Paper on Conducting a Functional Assessment

admin — Tue, 20 Apr 2010 13:34:33 +0000

The current observation and functional assessment will be done toward a young 22 year-old man George, whose main problem is that he does not know how to control his anger, nervousness and flood of worries, which usually lead to huge headache and painful spasms. Usually, it happens when someone else does not agree with his opinion, does differently than it was agreed about, does not accept being guilty in certain situations, involves him into quarrels and many others.

George starts being nervous, does not even try to control his emotions, worries or thoughts, which eventually leads to headache. In its turn, headache causes eye pressure and head spasms, which do not allow George to think logically, more freely and cause huge physical pain. The only solution in this case is to go to doctor (in case of headache only) or ask doctor to come (in case of spasms) in order to make an injection, which will decrease the pain in 30-40 minutes later.

When such behavior repeated several times, George’s family and friends discussed such situation with him trying to help him and give necessary advices and instructions on how to avoid such behavior, which usually leads to serious health problems. As a result, George understood the seriousness of his situation, main reasons for being nervous and cause headache. So he agreed to change his behavior or at least try to eliminate a problem behavior.

Results of the interview
After conducting an interview with George, the following information was obtained. As it was mentioned above, he becomes angry or nervous every time he is involved in quarrels or thinks too much about certain situation or solution. If not to solve the problem or make him calm down at once, it leads to head spasms, which are very painful. Usually, it might last from several minutes till several hours. Only in few cases spasms and headache can last for several days. Situations predicting occurrence of the behavior were mentioned above while the behavior itself usually happens with close people, with whom George can feel freely and not control his emotions, anger and other feelings…

Essay Paper on Sarbanes-Oxley Legislation

admin — Mon, 19 Apr 2010 15:18:18 +0000

At March 2003 PricewaterhouseCoopers was offering ideas for corporations to consider in complying with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, far-reaching legislation affecting public companies and significantly changing the composition and responsibilities of their audit committees.
Ellen Masterson, Partner PricewaterhouseCoopers US Assurance Methodology, sad that boards and audit committees must be among the chief architects of reform. They are in a unique position to fulfill a dual role as protector of shareholder interests and trusted adviser to management.

The central themes of the reforms are increased independence and empowerment of boards and audit committees, ethical conduct and greater transparency and disclosures.

The reforms also have an objective of meaningfully reducing occurrences of fraud and failures in corporate reporting.

PricewaterhouseCoopers is offering actions and strategies to help companies comply with these reforms and achieve a distinctive level of effectiveness. Highlights include:

The Boards of Directors should have independence: Assess whether board member changes are needed to meet new independence requirements. Develop criteria and procedures for assessing and monitoring board member independence.

Independent Decisions: Emphasize director vision, commitment and working as a team. Provide a forum for independent directors to speak openly, assess board meetings and raise new issues. Use independent board committees or a majority of independent directors to determine appropriate corporate governance practices, find qualified candidates for the board and approve executive officer compensation packages.
Corporate Governance Guidelines: Consider establishing corporate governance guidelines, as they can provide a road map for proactive, focused oversight and a barometer of progress. Adopt a management succession plan and process, as well as annual board and committee performance reviews.

Ethical Conduct and Compliance: Oversee that the company is setting a strong “tone at the top” regarding ethical practices. Take a proactive approach to ethical conduct and compliance by asking questions about sensitive situations and confirming that the situations are resolved with fair-mindedness. Protect against improperly influencing the auditor.

Financial Expertise have to assess the need for an “audit committee financial expert”. Having more than one may help in overseeing the financial reporting process, financial statements and underlying internal controls. Arrangement with the External Auditor: Establish a decision process for appointing and retaining an external auditor and overseeing its work.

Approve audit and non-audit services. Review the auditor’s safeguards to protect its independence and enhance audit quality, remembering that integrity is critical. Audit Committee Charter and Priorities established oversight activities that are responsive to expanded responsibilities and appropriate to the company’s circumstances.

What is Professional Teacher’s Misconduct?

admin — Mon, 19 Apr 2010 15:06:54 +0000

Who is professional teacher?
The nature of a professional teacher spans over many areas. They come from all walks of life- family members, peers, coworkers, and do not forget the professional teacher. No matter who they may be, where they come from, or what they do a teacher’s primary function is to teach. Some of them may be unwitting teachers and do not know what they are doing but they are teachers nonetheless. It is possible to say that even the convicted criminal has lessons to teach.

The social skills that people learn must be taught. For people to fit in they must first observe the group and learn the basics. Then, after an introduction to the rules and the “dos and dont’s,” of the work place are established. Imagine, wearing shorts and a tee shirt to work while everyone else looks professional and cosmopolitan in their suits and wing tips. As far as coworkers go, most people do not start a new job knowing everything.

Coworkers, subordinates, and supervisors help new employees out upon arrival. New staff members are shown the specifics about the work site/office. Professional institutions also play an important part in the teaching of people. To begin with, when children begin their career as students it is the responsibility of the teacher to ensure that the children become willing recipients of knowledge. A basic function is to keep the student interested in a topic. Teachers need to be creative today; they compete with the Internet and World Wide Web, fast pace action games, and of course Hollywood and the glamour of movies.

To be competitive with all of these things instructors need to be able to incorporate as much of these media devices into everyday learning. On a sidebar teachers are also role models and mentors whose images stay with the students and drive them on to success. Not to mention that teachers must have passion and enthusiasm for the job, otherwise the students will feel neglected and not have the desire to learn. Remember the professor in the ‘80’s movie “Ferris Buler’s Day Off” it was no wonder why Ferris decided to skip school, take a joy ride, catch a Cubs game and sign in a parade. So, there are teachers in all walks of life. They are some of the most important and influential people in the world. Teachers have and continue to instruct everyone no matter where they are.

Many people would hypothesize that a teacher is a positive reinforcement in any life. Doctors, lawyers, sheet metal workers, carpenters, the list goes on and on. Robert Downey Jr. has even helped some people realize that no matter how well he is liked drugs are an unacceptable part of our society. The essential function of a teacher is to ensure that everyday life goes off without a hitch.

Essay Paper on the Ways of Reading the Tempest

admin — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 08:17:55 +0000

WAYS OF READING THE TEMPEST: Greenblatt Vs Schneider Shakespeare criticism has long been recognised as a touchstone to shifts in our critical discourses. The following paper constitutes an examination of two conflicting discourses. The analysis will be confined to the views presented in Stephen Greenblatt’s article entitled “Martial Law in the Land of Cockaigne” and Ben Ross Schneider, Jr’s “Are We Being Historical Yet?”: Colonialist Interpretations of Shakespeare’s Tempest – a contest, if you will, between two different theoretical positions as to where the text lies.

In his article entitled “Are We Being Historical Yet?”: Colonialist Interpretations of Shakespeare’s Tempest, Ben Ross Schneider, Jr extends Carolyn Porter’s critique of new historicism to recent work on The Tempest. Included in Schneider’s study of eight recent analyses of The Tempest, is Stephen Greenblatt’s article “Martial Law in the Land of Cockaigne.” Schneider argues that by choosing colonialism as a frame, and then “reifying” it as if it were “coterminus with the limits of discourse in general,” the new historicists marginalize not only a large field of relevant contemporary discourse, but also The Tempest itself.

Schneider maintains that the great variety of theoretical underpinning in the set of essays fails to produce a corresponding variety of interpretation. He then proceeds to highlight those areas of the play which provide the common ground for new historicist interpretation. It is not, however, the aim of this paper to analyse the five different areas mentioned by Schneider. What is more important for the author, is the contest that exists between the different theoretical positions as to where the text lies.

The new historicists will be represented by Stephen Greenblatt, the opposing theoretical discourse will take the form of Ben Ross Schneider, Jr. Schneider’s search for a timeless meaning to The Tempest ( a goal, which is remarkably similar to that of the old autotelic historicist) rests on an extensive field of early modern European discourse, whose roots can be traced back to Roman and Greek source documents.

In his attempt to establish a specific causal relationship, something that Greenblatt’s circulation of social energy threatens to erase, Schneider maintains that we must examine the past. He argues that “before we declare the Jacobean position on colonialism, shouldn’t we know what ethical tools the Jacobeans brought to the task of judging it?” This strikes at the heart of Greenblatt’s argument, as his anecdotes and subsequent affirmations stem from the Jacobean position on colonialism.

Essay Paper on Celestine Prophecy

admin — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 08:13:12 +0000

The Celestine Prophecy is the title of a story by James Redfield. The novel is seen as a spiritual guide for the New Age. The novel written in first person and the name of the narrator was never revealed, to avoid confusion he will be referred to as James, the authors first name.

At the beginning of the novel James meets an old friend named Charlene who tells him of a manuscript consisting of nine insights that were recently found in the Peruvian countryside. James decides to go to Peru in search of this manuscript and so James books a flight to Peru. During the flight, James meets a scientist named Dobson who is also in search of the manuscript. Dobson tells James of the first insight: all seeming coincidences in life are really events meant to happen, which directly reflects their meeting.

Once off the plane, James and Dobson have a run in with the local government and they loose contact. After loosing contact with Dobson, James meets Wil, who leads him to a secret compound where the manuscript is being read and studied. At the compound, James meets Julia and she tells him about the relationship between plants and the energy field. James learns that the churches and governments of Peru don’t like the manuscript and will do whatever it takes to keep it from the public.

While continuing his search around the countryside, James tries to learn more about the manuscript but ends up losing contact with Wil and being arrested by the government. James is held at a facility run by priests, Through a past encounter James had discovered that his purpose in life was to learn what the church fears about the manuscript.

While held up in the facility James tries to convince the priest that their fears about the manuscript are unfounded. James escapes with another friend named Marjorie who is also being held at the facility. James rejoins his past friends and ends up in a confrontation with the Cardinal of the church in Portugal The Cardinal is unconvinced by James and his attempts to keep the Manuscript alive, James accomplishes nothing more than to convince the Cardinal to destroy all copies of the manuscript. James goes back to the U.S. to spread the message of the manuscript because the only place where it still existed was in the memories of the people who’s eye’s it had graced.

Essay Paper on Depression

admin — Wed, 14 Apr 2010 15:19:59 +0000

Introduction
This assignment will look at a case study of a adult female who presents herself with a three month of hospitalization. The patient is getting divorce after 22 years. She sees suicide as an ideal but has no plan of action. She also suffers from abnormal sleeping patterns, waking at night and lacks concentration on her work.

In the context of the above scenario we will look at diagnostic possibilities, possible causes for the depression, impact on her life, relevant safety issues, socio-cultural aspects when making a diagnosis and management plan and issues when dealing with this patient.

Depression is also defined as a repressed sense of loss and from anger unconsciously turned inward.

Montgomery says that depression is a serious and life endangering illness, and also a common one, and its recognition and prompt and appropriate treatment is therefore of the utmost concern.

When considering the above paragraph it is clear that the impact depression can have on a patients normal functioning, in terms of their normal daily lifestyles and the graveness of the illness, must therefore not be underestimated.

Further information needed to make a diagnosis
Diagnosis is the identification of disease from the examination of symptoms and whereby an opinion is reached. It also implicates a thorough analysis of facts or problems to gain understanding and whereby an opinion can be reached through such an understanding.

Montgomery says that depression is notoriously difficult to recognise in general practice.
Even when depression is severe half the cases in the doctors waiting room apparently go unrecognised.

The first thing therefore that needs to be done is a full psychological analysis. This is required so that essential information, we do not yet have can be obtained, to make an appropriate diagnosis. As much information as possible that may be indicative of an illness is essential to assist in making an appropriate diagnosis.

In our patient’s case we still need to ascertain whether she has been consulting a doctor and for any physical symptoms, and what the result was of the physical done by his doctor. If at all possible a doctors report would be helpful.

We need to know whether he has got any other medical conditions as some illnesses may cause depression. We need to know whether her doctor if any, has prescribed any medication and if so what medication has been prescribed. We also have to keep in mind patient’s bad experience with Prozac. Wellbrutin and Lexapro are should not be considered as proper medication. The reason for this is that certain medications can cause symptoms that present themselves in a similar manner to depression.

Essay Paper on Microsoft Case Study

admin — Tue, 13 Apr 2010 10:46:43 +0000

What is the problem?

In the last years, dozens of most capable Microsoft leaders have opted out. The problem is very serious. The team Bill gates proudly called “the best team of software professionals the world have ever seen” is not so strong and stable, at least temporarily. The core idea of the Microsoft culture, which allowed Microsoft to have explosive grows, seems to be lost. What is the cause of the crisis? Employees are not as dedicated as they were seven years ago and this is the meter of personal ability to perform one’s duties. Optimism, subjective wellbeing and self-efficacy are core elements of personal motivation. If one of these elements of personal motivation is weak, the companies’ success is doubtful.

Ten years ego Microsoft was the organization of dedicated employees. The corporate culture of Microsoft was known as “Hard Core” culture. The employees used to work extremely hard and the results were astonished. The resignation of 40 top managers is alarm for Microsoft. The salaries of the top managers has not been decreased, the work day has been as hard as before, therefore, one of the core elements of motivation has been lost.

What are the alternatives/options?

To work in Microsoft was always extremely hard. What was a reason for the employees to stay in the company? One ex-Microsoft employee summed up the programmer’s feelings despite working under constant pressure this way, “We were literally changing the world. You felt you were at the center of the universe. It was invigorating feeling – and all of this pounding by Steve Ballmer and yanking by Bill was just a price you paid to be there.” (Luthans, 5) The subjective well-being as well as optimism and self-efficacy was very strong among Microsoft employees. Now, the senior managers have to bring that “invigorating feeling” back to the companies’ culture.

Corporate culture is actually a set of practices that define the nature of work and regulate the employment relationship within an organizational environment. Senior managers has to pay more attention to organization culture.

There are a lot of options available to Microsoft senior management to reanimate the companies’ strong position. One of those options has been demonstrate by Ballmer. First of all, he embarked a series of interviews with employees. Than he defined two major problems of the motivation: a greater sense of clarity and excitement about the company’s direction and more freedom to act without bureaucracy or red tape (Luthans, 11) All of this options correspond to three elements of personal motivation. Greater sense of clarity should increase an optimism of employees. Excitement about the company’s direction should contribute to self-efficacy of the managers. They definitely have to believe in their ability to get the company to prosper again and in company’s future as a whole…

Essay Paper on the Theories of Political Studies

admin — Tue, 13 Apr 2010 10:17:49 +0000

Can the Theories of Political Studies Claim the Status of Science?

To answer this question this paper will discuss viewpoints of Albert O. Hirschman on political science as social science. Hirschman introduces three ideas that deal with the way citizens tends react in today’s civilization when they are displeased with something. These three ideas are voice, exit, and loyalty.

If one were to look at these three concepts in mind, they discover that these three concepts can provide some understanding of America as described by David Riesman and Judith Shklar. These three concepts can be interpreted in such a way that it show how people are in the American Society and how they can even change the system when they voice their opinion. David Riesman discusses how some people are- individualists who will not always follow the majority crowd and conformists who are willing to go through anything to stay within the group even if it means something that they are totally against.

It is important to note Riesman states that these individuals are only extremes and that in real life they do not exist. He believes that people are just a blend of both types. People are willing to exercise the option of exit in some certain cases and will remain loyal to other types of cases. Shkler gives further insight to Hirschman’s concept by discussing how minority groups voiced their opinions in order to change an entire society.

In Exit, Voice, and Loyalty, Albert O. Hirschman discusses three types of ways that people can respond to when there is a change in the consumer market and there is disapproval. The three types are exit, voice, and loyalty. In the exit option, the consumer leaves the organization. “Some consumers stop buying the firm’s products or so members leave the organization: this is the exit option.” (Hirschman 4) If the consumer does not approve the organization of their new or improved product, he has the option to just leave and not do anything about it.

Essay Paper on Human Biology

admin — Mon, 12 Apr 2010 17:24:18 +0000

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal state within an organism. Homeostasis is also known as steady state . Organism must respond and maintain homeostasis in relation to many factors. Homeostasis is ability of the body to maintain a balance . This extraordinary property of the body has intrigued many physiologists. In 1865 Claude Bernard noticed, in his Introduction to Experimental Medicine. the “constancy of the internal milieu was the essential condition to a free life.” But it was necessary to find a concept that would make it possible to link together the mechanisms that effected the regulation of the body.

Homeostasis is very impotent in human biology. Human body is perfect system, like а large complex organization. Homeostasis provides this. I think, each system must have homeostasis to maintain stability and to survive.

Homeostasis of blood system provide by buffer system

Human body has stable pH of blood. The normal pH of human blood is 7.4it controlled by buffer system of blood. There are two other types of chemical buffers in body fluids–the carbonate and phosphate buffer systems. They provide homeostasis of blood system. The bone marrow, spleen, lymphatic nodes are organs of the haemopoiesis. They contribute gomeostasis, because amount of the formed elements of blood is stable and controlled by those organs.

Homeostasis of Blood pressure

The circulatory system is composed of vessels (arteries and arterioles, venules and veins). When this vessels constriction, the bllod pressure is rise, dilatation —down. Kidneys take part in maintaining homeostasis of blood pressure too.

Termoregulation function

The regulatory center for body temperature, located in the hypothalamus, is sensitive to temperature changes in arterial blood flowing through it. Depending on the body temperature, the regulatory center brings about the adaptive responses , and body temperature then increases or decreases.

Endocrine system

The endocrine system coordinate the activities of body parts. The nervous system take part too The nervous system reacts quickly to external and internal stimuli, the endocrine system is slower to act but its effects are longer lasting.

Control of glucose

the blood glucose level is usually regulated by insulin and glucagon. But other hormones can also have an effect since thyroxin and glucocorticoids promote gluconeogenesis. When level of glucose is high, insulin is not secreted , but when level is low insulin is secreted

Summary

The goal of homeostasis is to maintain the internal balances.

Much disease results from disturbance of homeostasis. For example, diseases that result from a homeostatic imbalance include diabetes, dehydration, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, gout,

The chemical buffer , Control of glucose, Thermoregulation function and other main system show how to maintain homeostasis in the body

Essay Paper on The Global Financial Crisis

admin — Mon, 12 Apr 2010 17:21:49 +0000

The global economic crisis of 2007 – present was impacted by a liquidity shortage in the United States banking system and spread all over the world. As a result, developing countries and emerging market run into a problem of decreasing in GDP growth rates, dropping exports, falling commodity prices, linkage of global investors, reducing the value of mortgage-backed securities, instability in a banking sphere, failures of private companies, increasing of unemployment. The most economists estimated this collapse as the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Predict the stabilization period of the world economy may be about several years and has at times refers to as “the Great Recession”.
Background and causes of economic crisis

Understanding of the sources of the current global decline has been a matter of high-priority in economics. Therefore, the basic occasions triggered the economic meltdown were the next:

easy credit conditions impacted pick in debt-financed consumption, so mortgage-backed securities and collateralized debt obligations appeared. Such financial securities attracted participants of the global economy to invest in the U.S. housing market;
housing bubble in the United States, which accompanied with default rates on adjustable-rate mortgage, increasing foreclosure activity and significant losses of major international financial institutions;
irregular estimation of the enormous role of investment banks and hedge funds, which had no relevant regulation and as a result – significant debts, great loan defaults and mortgage-backed securities losses;
incorrect pricing of risk, which market participants did not taking into account with financial innovation;
commodity price bubble caused by collapse in the housing bubble and increasing of oil prices;
worsening debt burden or overleveraging that enlarged vulnerability of the households and accelerated economic decline.

Economic aftereffects of a global recession

The International Monetary Fund evaluated losses of leading U.S. and European banks more than $1 trillion on toxic assets and from bad loans at the period from January 2007 to September 2009[116]. Because of a direct correlation between falling in wealth, business investment, crisis in consumption sphere the global decline spread all over the world and has absorbed large international financial institutions, national banks and stock markets. The major consequences of economic recession were the following:

many countries around the world proclaimed their economies as being in a recession and declared negative growth of GDP;
stock exchanges, derivative markets, pension funds, insurance institutions suffered from assets devaluation and sharply declined;
toughening of credit conditions that restrict accessibility of consumer and corporate crediting;
devaluation of many world currencies that provoked a volatility of its;
slump in the world trade revealed in the declining export markets, vaporizing international trade finance, fickle migration flows;
uncontrollable increasing of unemployment trigged by the bankruptcy of many private companies, municipalities and banks.

Thus we can see how deep and inevitable the results of the global financial collapse. The damage caused by current financial decline is regrettable but unavoidable. However, this crisis ought to teach us some basic lessons. The main concerns are the role of the government regulation in the maintenance of financial stability and the role of private sector incentives in the contemplation a scheme of that regulation. Taking into account these lessons we will be able to create a stable, reliable economy with high growth, low level of inflation, high profits, steadily rising prices of outside assets and low spreads risk.

Essay Paper on McCarthyism and American Foreign Policy

admin — Fri, 09 Apr 2010 13:01:50 +0000

By 1948 thе Unitеd Statеs had basically bееn succеssful еconomically in transfеrring from a war timе to a pеacе timе еconomy. Thе nеw tеchnology dеvеlopеd during thе war was bеing convеrtеd to pеacе timе usе; providing a wеalth of jobs to thе largе numbеr of mеn rеturning homе from thе war. Thе govеrnmеnt was instituting a rеconstruction program that providеd еducation to vеtеrans.

A numbеr of housing programs wеrе also incorporatеd throughout Amеrica to housе thе populous. Womеn wеrе еxpеriеncing a nеw high aftеr bеing thе brеad winnеrs of thе family for thе past fivе yеars. It was a nеw confidеncе that would push thе rolе of thе womеn in thе family to grеatеr lеngths than prеviously еncountеrеd in this countriеs history. What should havе bееn еtеrnal prospеrity was spoilеd by a combination of forеign еvеnts and an almost еxcеssivе patriotism to our country.

In 1948 thе first rеal trеasonist activity was prеsеntеd to thе country. Algеr Hiss, a U.S. Statе Dеpartmеnt workеr, and forеign diplomat was nationally accusеd of passing sеcrеts along to thе Russians. Thе casе rеstеd on circumstantial еvidеncе though, so hе was not convictеd of any crimе. By 1950 Hiss was convictеd of pеrjury for lying about dеlivеring govеrnmеnt sеcrеts to Russia.

1950 also saw thе conviction of Еthеl and Julios Rosеnbеrg for dеlivеring information about thе Hydrogеn bomb to, oncе again, Russia. McCarthy burstеd on to thе scеnе at this timе also, waving his anticommunist wand. Loyalty oaths wеrе thе ordеr of thе day. Thе Korеan War provokеd at first an immеnsе sеnsе of patriotism, but at thе samе timе tеrrifiеd thе country with thе idеa of a nuclеar war. Thе North Korеans didn’t havе an atom bomb, but thеir communist supportеrs in Russia did.

Thеsе arе shocking еvеnts. Thеy frightеnеd pеoplе. Truman’s last yеars of prеsidеncy did littlе to comfort and rеassurе, or inspirе thе pеoplе. With thе Rеpublican and Dеmocrats fеuding ovеr who was morе patriotic against Communism, its no surprisе that nothing was gеtting down lеgislativеly; еxcеpt for subvеrsivе anti-communist laws.

Culturally thе country was in a statе of blind submissivеnеss. Conformity was a must. Insurgеncе was put down, supprеssеd. This еndеd up pitting Amеricans against Amеricans. Pеoplе wеrе worriеd if thеy would losе thеir jobs, or wind up in jail bеcausе of what thеy said.

Essay Paper on Physics in China

admin — Thu, 08 Apr 2010 16:35:23 +0000

China is one of the biggest countries in the world with dynamical growing economic. But great growth of economic is impossible without using the newest technology. And a new technology couldn’t be found with out basic research. China’s government pays much attention not only to funding to research in fundamental sciences but, to creating an intellectual climate in which imagination and ingenuity can develop and thrive. Therefore we can watch China’s remarkable recent rise in physics. You will be surprised to know how much number of researches China has already.
If in 1986 Chinese physicists published only four papers in Physical Review Letters, by 2006 it had risen to 202.The interest in Chinese physicists articles has risen along quality and quantity of its. Those four papers of 1986 had about 25 citations each. Last year Chen Xianhui and his collaborators from Hefei (University of Science and Technology of China) reported about superconductivity at 43 K in a newly discovered iron-based material. This paper already has 100 citations.

We’ll try to describe a unique context for physics that was created in Chine. Let’s talk about history.

A short history.

Actually physics and other sciences started to modernize only in 1911 when the last imperial dynasty was casted down. Young men called “Boxer fellows” realized that science is a foundation of a strong and independent China. In 1914-1915 those guys were students in US. They formed the Science Society of China and they even had a special journal named Kexue (Science). Having graduated from “Boxer fellows” came back to China. They made effort to persuade politicians that support science is very important for their country. In 1922 Nanjing’s biological Institute was founded. It was first China’s modern laboratory.

Then it was eight-year occupation, civil war, Culture Revolution. Development was stopped. Actually Culture Revolution was a struggle of peasants against the “exploiting classes”. As far scientists were not peasants the prospects for them were blur.

In 1954 after Soviet Union rejected China’s proposition to take part in creating atomic bomb, China started to work on its own Manhattan project. The purpose of that project was not only creating and producing nuclear weapons, but intensive developing of national enterprises.
In 1964 premier Zhou Enlai made a report about four the most important areas that need to be developed: agriculture, industry, national defense and science and technology. He emphasized that science is ideologically neutral. Science and technology are necessary for any economies. He tried to convince government that creating fitting conditions for successful functioning scientist is very important thing. Unfortunately his vision was rejected. Many scientists were denounced and sent into the countryside to work as peasant growing vegetables and raising livestock. But in spite of everything science didn’t die. China could launch a satellite and exploded a hydrogen bomb.
After Mao’s death in 1976 China had a new charismatic leader Deng Xiaoping. He understood an important role of scientists in any society, and in 1978 he declared in his speech at national science conference “Intellectuals are part of the working class”.

Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao continued Deng’s policy. Right now China works at the 15-Years Medium-to Long-Term Plan for Development of Science and Technology. According this plan science and technology will get a central position in China’s economy. By 2020 China will invest 2.5% of its gross domestic product in R&D and make technology account for 60% of economic growth…

Essay Paper on Wireless Transaction Protocol Layer

admin — Thu, 08 Apr 2010 07:07:07 +0000

To improve clinical performance, hospitals need to ensure that therapeutic practitioners can remotely access critical pathways, hospital patient records, and clinical outcomes tracking. Of course, such abilities also present an enormous confront for maintaining security and privacy. This paper will discuss designing a scalable system that will implement transactions between remote patients and hospitals.
Many clinics are finding today that “thin” web-based systems, applied through moveable devices that are used for access rather than storage, can make available a certain degree of harmony between these commonly conflicting needs.
The term “thin” specifies that these devices do not store large applications of information, unlike a “fat” personal computer. As an alternative, the devices, which at times are handheld, will communicate with the data held in the clinic’s central hardware applications. The central applications present security by controlling users access to the information. WAP protocol is the best solution for the mobile tracking of patients.

In practice, the WAP protocol works with a mini server, called a micro-browser, fixed in a mobile terminal. Because WAP applications can be downloaded on demand of patient or doctor and discarded when no longer needed, the application setting also allows for dynamic extension of the user interface.

The Wireless Application Environment is a common-purpose application environment based on a mixture of World Wide Web (WWW) and Mobile Telephony devices. The primary objective of the WAE effort is to create an interoperable environment that will allow our medical practitioners and service providers to build applications and services that can reach a wide selection of different wireless platforms in an well-organized and useful way.

Essay Paper on the Roman Empire

admin — Tue, 06 Apr 2010 17:25:48 +0000

In 509 BC, the Roman republic was created and it was the beginning of a super power. The Romans overthrew the Etruscan rule and created their own country; with memories of ruthless kings, Romans decided upon a representative democracy vowing never to have a king. In times of crisis Roman law allowed for a dictator to take control of Rome for a period of 6 months maximum.

Voting in the Republic heavily favored the Rich and the rich tended to pass laws that protected their own interests and profits. The power that many patriarchs wielded lured the high-ranking army officials who were hungry and cold to conquer their own capital and seize the ability to rule.

In 133 BC, Tiberius Graccus was a general in the Roman army and grandson to Scippio Africanus who championed the poor and soldiers. Tiberius wanted the Senate to allow for the poor and soldiers to receive public land.

The Senators did not look to kindly upon Graccus’ plans to erode their power base, so the Senators along with other wealthy nobles had Tiberius and later Tiberius’ brother Gaius and their hundreds of their followers murdered.

Around the first century BC there were slave revolts in Sicily and southern Italy. In 88 BC Two generals were at war, Luscious Sulla was victorious and he abolished the 6-month term of dictators, making the term indefinite. Sulla set the way for dictatorship even though the Senators beat Sulla to death as he was preaching to the poor.

Julius Caesar in 59 BC became the General of Gaul, the senate so afraid of his popularity ordered Julius to disband his army and return to Rome. Instead of disbanding his army, Julius created the first triumvirate. The first triumvirate consisted of Julius Caesar, Marcus Crassus and Gnaeus Pompey: 3 popular General who combined their knowledge and skill in order to rule Rome. When Crassus was killed fighting in the Middle East a civil war broke out in between Pompey and Caesar, Caesar won. In 49 BC, Julius was the sole ruler of Rome; he won a number of battles on the southern coast of the Mediterranean.

Essay Paper on Comparison of Gender-based Magazines

admin — Wed, 31 Mar 2010 16:30:03 +0000

This essay will examine the portrayals of women in two dissimilar gender-based magazines through their respective editorials, advertisements and articles. The first one is titled Complete Woman.

This is a general interest magazine that concerns itself with issues of fitness, health, dating and relationships, sexuality, romance, and self-help articles. The second publication, titled Women’s Sports and Fitness, emphasizes both participatory and spectator sports. It includes articles about health, fitness, women athletes, emerging sports trends and attitudes. Both magazines are directed toward women with the majority of material being written by women as well. It is noteworthy that the editors-in chief are female as are most of each publication’s staff. It seems somewhat ironic that the publisher of Complete Woman is male.

The editorial section of Complete Woman is directed at three categories of women: those who are single, those who have been divorced and those looking to keep their present relationship. It introduces writers of erotic confessions to women seeking to put the “spark back into your love life.”

If your love life is not working to your satisfaction, the editor suggest trying “creative divorce.” Of course, with all this turmoil comes a survival guide to help “work your way beyond betrayal into new strength.” Women’s Sports and Fitness, on the other hand, discusses the benefits of being able-bodied. “If I can change a tire, I’m set,” writes the editor. She poses the question of what is confidence and asks the reader to consider the different skills that women at the turn of the century were expected to accomplish.

These included learning to play a musical instrument P. 2 (to entertain guests), ballroom dancing, the fine art of table setting, and sewing. Although knowing how to sew is admirable and could come in handy for replacing lost buttons, WSF thinks it is time for women to have a new list of things they should be able to do in the new millennium and they are more than happy to provide that list. The editor equates strength with confidence and tells women to “go build some of your own.” It would appear at first glance that these publications have different agendas. The former attempts to address women’s emotional problems and the latter concerns itself with the physical capabilities of women.

Economics Essay Paper

admin — Tue, 30 Mar 2010 09:24:54 +0000

Help with Writing Your Economics Essays

Economics is the study of maximum utilization of limited resources for the welfare of mankind. Prior to the modern age, Economics was considered as the study of that science which relates to only with the wealth aspect of mankind. In a time when religious sentiments were strong and spiritual values used to prevail massively in the society this study would only cause repulsion from enlightened minds. Fortunately Economics has now been freed from this misconception. In the modern world specially after globalization Economics entangles with every aspect of life. A single incident in a corner of the world will have some effect on the other corner of this globe. In a true sense Economics has proved itself as a science which analyses the distribution of scarce resources of this world to the total population of this entire world only for welfare purpose.

There are numerous segments in the study of Economics. The two most primary factors of Economics is Microeconomics and Macroeconomics. The word ‘micro’ means a millionth part. Microeconomics deals with a small part or a particular segment within the whole economy. As for example study of a particular industry, a firm or price of a particular commodity. The demand and supply of a distinctive product and not of the entire community. Microeconomics explains how consumers and producers in an economy take decisions and how allocations of goods produced and services rendered are done. There are certain limitations in this study, as the operation of the economy as a whole remains untouched. An individual industry may be flourishing whereas the whole economy may be passing through a depressing phase. The study of Microeconomics is associated with bull’s eye point of view.

Macroeconomics is related to aggregates and averages of the entire economy. The total national income, aggregate output, savings, investments, total consumption, total employment, aggregate demand, aggregate supply are analyzed in Macroeconomics. The growth of an economy over a certain period of time is watched and measured in Macroeconomics.

The functioning of an economy can be understood clearly in Macro-analysis and the formulation of important economic policies for the nation is achieved with the study of Macroeconomics. While studying the whole economy the individual is ignored in this kind of study whereas the welfare of the individual interest is the main objective of Economics. The study of Macroeconomics is associated with bird’s eye point of view.

In economics other terms like Monopoly, Oligopoly can be heard. Monopoly refers to the total control of the market of a particular good or service by any individual firm or producer hence the monopolist has the exclusive power to determine the price. In Oligopoly a number of firms jointly share and control the major portion of the market.

When markets become incapable to bring efficient economy then it is called a market failure situation. At these times government interventions in the market becomes necessary to save the economy. Market failures occurs due to the improper allocation of scarce resources in a market or industry. It becomes the duty of the Government to bring corrective measures to attain highest level of social welfare. Read more: how to write an essay, compare and contrast essay and types of essays.

Essay Paper on Modernism Vs Post-modernism

admin — Tue, 30 Mar 2010 08:51:16 +0000

Modernism and Postmodernism, two very complex words to define. Both of these terms consist of such a very wide variety of disciplines and areas of study that it is almost impossible to make any conclusions involving all aspects. To write complete definitions of these terms would not only be very difficult, but would be under constant disapproval from others. There are no solid answers and there hesitantly ever will be.

However, in the effort to broadly understanding these terms, there are things that can be said and elements that can be looked at. Of the two terms, Modernism is more easily comprehended. The “Easy-to Read” Edition of the Webster’s Dictionary describes modern as “Pertaining to the present time; of recent origin”. This simple explanation can bring forth one the most dominant ideas in Modernism: rejection of the past.

Modernists strived for progression and advancement. How would the world ever be able to move forward if there was such a strong connection to the past? The answer was, it couldn’t. As a result, all ideas and techniques that were developed before then were abandoned. A constant quest for uniqueness and originality emerged and the world of Modernism took off.

Art Critics are educated people who have educated guesses on what an artist’s symbolism or inspiration was for an artwork. There are many periods and schools of thought for art and each critic has an original viewpoint of what the artist attempting to convey to an audience. Modernist critics are of the school of thought that art theory must be taught to the public before they are able to analyse the symbols or motivation behind the image, also that an image can have only one analysis made of it.

This one way is an examination of the actual technique that was used in the creation of the artwork or a description like ‘heavy black and whitish or gunmetal chiaroscuro’.

Clement Greenberg is an example of a modernist critic who argue that modernism allowed the painting to be without any misapprehensions. He believes that one must learn an artist’s ‘idiom’ before they are able to realise the artwork’s flexibility and he describes Jackson Pollock’s works as ‘among the strongest abstract paintings I have seen by an American painter’. As a modernist Greenberg allows himself to judge a painter because he considers himself to be educated enough to air his opinions. ‘’Postmodernism’. Definitions seem to vary with every citation’.

Essay Paper on Videoconferencing

admin — Mon, 29 Mar 2010 16:40:00 +0000

Videoconferencing is a connection between two or more locations which happens in real time and consists of audio and video components. Nowadays videoconferencing allows complete interaction between the locations. It can be used in a variety of fields such as for instance, business, distant learning and telemedicine. But it has developed and became widely available only recently, and in the previous years this technology was still in the process of development.

First, this technology was introduced in 1964, at the New York’s World’s Fair. This was still incredible for the consumers. In 1970 there appeared the first Picturephone by AT&T but it was not used widely for the reason of its impracticality and expensiveness. Later, in 1976 and 1981 appeared Network Video Protocol (NVP) and Packet Video Protocol (PVP) respectively but these technologies stayed in the laboratory phase. In the 1980-s videoconferencing found its way to the commercial market.

Many VC products appeared and each of them was cheaper and more accessible than the previous one. The two landmark systems were Compression Labs’ and PictureTel’s products. Advances in Internet protocol (IP) and efficient video compression technologies signalized the 1990-s. The era of PC-based videoconferencing started. The example can be IBM’s system for videoconferencing PicTel (although black and white but quite inexpensive in use).

Mass usage was possible due to free services and software such as MSN Messenger and the like. One of the revolutionary systems is CU-SeeMe for Apple (1992), and later for Windows (1995). Then certain standards were adopted in order to make videoconferencing a useful application in the business world. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) was created in those days to make videoconferencing a business communication technology.

It is necessary to say that by 2003 high-speed Internet became available, the cost of technologies which captured video and displayed it decreased, and broadband Internet access became accessible. Thus, videoconferencing was ready to conquer the consumer market. But it is also important to keep in mind that the technologies of videoconferencing are still developing and improving…

Essay Paper on Considering Types of Organizational Change

admin — Sat, 27 Mar 2010 13:32:43 +0000

Very often changes in organizations are provoked by the external conditions which make the managers realize that there is a necessity for change, a necessity for innovation. And it is really outstanding when managers realize what is to be done, and when they accept the need for the innovation rather than being indifferent, hostile or even isolated from the organization striving for change. If the need for change is ignored and not addressed in a proper way, organization may appear not able to cope with the challenges and will be destroyed. It is understandable that innovations are always difficult for the organizations’ employees to life through, especially when innovations and changes are disruptive, as which we are going to consider in this paper.

Here we are going to discuss changes which are mainly second-order and disruptive, and there are three of them: downsizing, technological change, and merger or acquisition, all of which have been already experienced by many organizations in need for change and innovation.
The first type of change is downsizing of the company which consists in reducing its staff or simply sacking some amounts of employees. The reason for this type of change in organizational structure is cost-cutting.

Some theorists still consider that this practice is not the good and reasonable way out for any of the companies as it weakens the company, deprives it of the talented and smart employees, and finally, it prevents the company from productively competing in the market. The example of this practice is Scott Paper Co. which had to change something in the organizational structure of the company and found a solution in inviting so-called champion of downsizing – Albert J. Dunlap as an advisor.

It was widely descried in the media that this person “has won widespread plaudits for transforming Scott from a stodgy, tired underperformer into a profit powerhouse.” But if we try to consider the core of the situation we will be able to see that after having sacked 11,000 of employees Scott Paper Co. was left without any forces to be able to compete in the market. But this practice seems inevitable in the modern business situation. Some managers consider it unacceptable and prefer to change the organizations rather by restructuring and trying to improve and develop the organization’s processes and operations.

This may be the way out, but sometimes when competition is too strong, and when the company is stagnation, there is nothing better than downsizing of the staff amounts. (But this can mean new employment for the sacked employees and further upsizing of the organization under discussion.)

Essay paper on Oedipus the King and Death of a Salesman

admin — Fri, 26 Mar 2010 16:22:56 +0000

Tragedy is defined as “a drama or literary work, in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, moral weakness, or inability to cope with unfavorable circumstances”. A tragedy is a kind of story that should have an imitation of life in the form of a serious story that is completed. In other words, the story must be realistic and narrow in focus. A good tragedy will evoke pity and fear in its viewers, causing the viewers to experience a feeling of catharsis as it is in the play “Oedipus the King”. It is a perfect example of what Aristotle meant by a tragedy. Based on Aristotle words about tragedy, “the structure of the best tragedy should be one that represents for that is peculiar to this form of art”. Oedipus the King and Death of a Salesman are two examples of tragedies, where the characters are good, but not perfect, and their misfortunes are the result of their tragic flaws.
According to Aristotle, the term ‘tragic hero’ is defined as ‘a man not preeminently virtuous and just, whose misfortune, however, is brought upon him not by vice or depravity, but by some error in judgment”. The change of hero’s fortune must not be from misery to happiness, but on the contrary, from happiness to misery. In the case with Oedipus, Aristotle defines the profile of the Classical Greek tragic hero in his play “Sophocle’s Oedipus Rex”.

There are many different opinions about what characteristics the person should have to be considered as a tragic hero. Aristotle mentioned that the tragic hero should cause his own breakdown since his destiny has not been deserved, and his chastisement exceeds the crime. Moreover, the hero should be noble from noble stature and have greatness. He felt that a tragedy should comprise of the hero’s goodness and superiority, a tragic flaw in which the hero makes fatal errors in judgment. Eventually they would lead to his downfall, a tragic realization in which the main character understands how he has unwittingly helped to bring about his own destruction and the absence of freewill in the tragic hero’s life. The same life flaws happened in the plays “Oedipus the King” and “Death of a Salesman”, when actions of both characters caused their own fall.

Aristotle emphasizes that a tragic hero must be a vital or important man who make the mistake in judgment and will try to change them later, but he will eventually suffer and will be punished for his actions. In addition to that, the tragic hero should be a person who is able to learn from his mistakes and not to repeat them again. Moreover, the hero should be a good example to the surrounding people by showing them the manner of the great men when they have been dropped from their political or superior social positions. His tragic flaw was that of stubbornness, impulsiveness and most of all, his grandiosity, which can be seen when a person admires himself and his qualities, such as beauty, cleverness, and talents, and his success and achievements greatly. However, Oedipus and Willy made a lot of errors in their judgments, which led them to eventual downfall.

Essay Paper on Service Concept

admin — Thu, 25 Mar 2010 17:26:58 +0000

In our present days offering the customers various services becomes more and more challenging for the companies. This issue is explained with the help of the fact that customers become more and more demanding and sophisticated as well as more aware of different technologies (or streamlined variants of your service). And as they are so spoiled with the offerings they require different levels of services – according to the way they can afford these services – either premium or common. This paper is devoted to considering the concept of service pyramid and the tiering of services concept which is supposed to be contemplated here with some real-life examples.
It is known that customer is our God and in order to retain one any company does its best. The relationship of any company with its consumers has to be beneficial and cost-effective for each party of this co-operation. But the customers are different – having different profits, requiring different attitude, and they all are supposed to be treated with the same level of attention and care. This happens because many companies suggest their customers certain services which can be used either by prosperous clients or by middle class families. And this very fact in particular explains why these companies have different levels of service according to the customer tiers (depending on their customers’ expectations) and designed especially for these particular customers.

Thus, when this kind of tiering of services is viewed, as they vary according to the profits of the customers buying them, their requirements and the need for quick service or comfort – there is a service pyramid consisting of four levels – platinum, gold, iron, and lead. These very levels of service are going to be discussed hereinafter.

When platinum clients are viewed, their amount is not big – it is a small part of any company’s customer base. But they consume the products or the services of a company very actively and consequently bring serious profits to a company. This part of clients is not very much sensitive to price changes but they require top service quality. These consumers are not afraid of innovations and are open to any new service the company under discussion offer to them. The payment does not mater much for them.

The next tier of the customers is called gold. This segment is bigger than the previous one (unlike platinum clients, gold customers compose a larger part of the population). Accordingly, as this segment’s earnings are lower than the platinum’s, they contribute less to the company’s profit. As for the price-sensitiveness, they are a little more sensitive to price rises and can be less committed to some particular company.
The following tier in this pyramid is the iron level.

This tier is the most numerous in the customer base of any company. Due to them the company offering them its services can benefit a lot from economies of scale. “Hence, they are often important so that a firm can build and maintain a certain capacity level and infrastructure, which is often needed to serve gold and platinum customers well.” But when we consider the profits this range of customers suggests to the company, the iron customers are in the least profitable. Consequently, the level of business they suggest to the firm serving them does not allow them demanding some kinds of certain special treatment.

Essay Paper on Solid Wastes Management

admin — Wed, 24 Mar 2010 16:13:37 +0000

The events of the September 11th 2001, were a real shock not only for American nation but for the international community as well. A lot has been said about tragic collapse of World Trade Center Towers, but words can hardly express the level of national grief and the incredible material and moral damage to the country. But it’s important to mention here that American nation could overcome that hard period with dignity, not only working on improvement of the image of the country in the eyes of other countries, but also undertaking effective measures to reduce the losses and damages and renew the healthy look of the city of New York.

Rescue, recovery and clean-up operations had been held in the period from September 11th 2001 till September 12th 2002. Actually, the latter was the planned date of termination of clean-up measures, but all operations had been completed by May 2002, without any injury of the participants and supported by the budget donations. This shows high level of consciousness of city government and citizens in terms of national support and rapid reaction on events. And it’s also important to mention the role of volunteers who helped in rescue and cleaning up of the territory known now as “ground zero”. Such organizations as New York Fire Department, New York City Medical Examiner’s office, and Structural Engineers Association of New York among others took an active part in cleanup and recovery of the place where Twin Towers used to stand.

The destruction of World Trade Center created about 1,6 million tones of debris. In order to sort out the elements from it, the debris was sent to the Staten Island, where the Fresh Kills Landfill was situated. It was closed at that time, but authorities opened it because of the necessity of recycling and landfilling of debris from the World Trade Center. After transportation of debris, they were sorted and then recycled. As to the concrete, it was taken to the concrete crushing plant in Fresh Kills side, and recycled there afterwards. Different metal constructions and remains were transported to metal recycling establishments. Steel was also recycled, although some part of it was used in order to construct memorials, and in actuality this very steel is preserved for future needs in construction of new towers.

Plastic lumber, metal and steel constructions were taken from the territory of the cleaned site right away since there had been cases of theft of abovementioned materials with objectives of reselling them to interested persons. In order to prevent similar actions in future, there had been adopted certain regulations that helped to organize the work of professionals and volunteers at the site better.

“As of Friday, 1,500 truckloads, or 9,000 tons, had been moved to the landfill, which was closed permanently this year but reopened after the Tuesday morning massacre” (taken from The New York Times, Sep. 17th, 2001). The work was advancing rather rapidly since all involved persons did their best to effectively complete the rescue and search operations. The debris was taken out of the site as fast as possible in order to clean up the territory.

It took a lot of efforts and funds to clean up the territory where World Trade Centers used to stand, but eventually due to extreme devotion of citizens, firemen, truck drivers, authorities etc., due to consciousness and compassion the place was cleaned even faster than it was primarily planned. We can be sure that the debris were taken from the place of tragedy in shortest possible term, then recycled and reused with benefit for the country and for environment in first place.

Essay Paper on New Product Marketing Research

admin — Mon, 22 Mar 2010 14:16:09 +0000

The current project was done to explore the possibilities of XO laptops developed by non-profit organization One Laptop Per Child to reach the markets of the developing countries, improve children’s computer literary and become available for the majority of children in the developing countries. Since the main goal of OX laptops’ development is to provide children around the world with new opportunities to explore, experiment, and express themselves, laptops will be distributed through kindergarten, schools, cultural centers and institutions for children to meet the challenges of today’s rapidly growing economies and technological advancements.
Introduction Section

As a well-known statement says, “great things come from a simple idea”. Two years ago in 2005 Nicholas Negroponte came into an idea to bring high technology from the developed rich countries to those developing who are in a great need for technological progress to improve their educational, economic and scientific levels. Negroponte was inspired to make computers accessible for the rural poor while visiting a Cambodian village some years ago.

As his concept evolved, he came to believe that a laptop could be developed for children in countries with limited resources. In January 2005, he announced during the World Economic Forum (WEF) his plan to design and build a $100 laptop, which could be sold to governments, and distributed for free to school-children in developing countries. The following year, Negroponte resigned as head of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Media Lab to focus on One Laptop Per Child (OLPC), the social welfare organization he founded to carry out the XO project.

The non-profit project OLPC was largely supported by world leaders, corporate benefactors, businessmen and other contributors. Since the majority of children in the developing countries do not have access to computers, they cannot be acquainted with the latest technological achievements and improve their computer literary, education level and competitive capabilities later in their adult life.

However, OLPC gives a chance to change the situation in the developing countries for better with lower costs for the governments, but with larger benefits for children. The current project was done to explore the possibilities of XO laptops to reach the markets of the developing countries, improve children’s computer literary and become available for the majority of children in those countries.

Essay Paper on The Middle Passage

admin — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 17:01:38 +0000

This paper is devoted to the issue of slavery, slave trade and the Middle Passage through which the slave trade was carried. It is also supposed to contemplate the question of depiction of the slave trade in various sources such as primary sources, documentaries and popular films.
It is important to mention that slave trade of its own accord is an absolutely inhuman deed and it is contradictory to all moral principles. It is vital to realize that all people are equal and they all – white people, African-American people and other nationalities – they all deserve respectful attitude.

When we consider works of art and documents which could shed light on the realities of the slave trade the following are to be viewed here. They are Steven Spielberg’s movie Amistad, Chris Harty’s documentary The Middle Passage, Ship of Slaves, and some historical documents, poems and paintings.

History bears testimony that West Africa was the place where the slave trade sprang. Many representatives of developed countries such as Great Britain, the USA, Holland, Spain, Portugal and France started to captivate and then sell African people. And what is even more striking is the fact that these captivators were often and often only junior partners of local African rulers and war chiefs who delivered their captives to European and American slavers. Thus, it is evident that political organizations in Africa were established in those days (the middle of the 15th century) and everything the European and American slavers had to do was to collaborate with so-called local authorities.

So, do present sources such as documentaries or popular films depict the real picture of the slave trade as it was in those days?

Amistad by Steven Spielberg, created in 1997, can pardonably be considered a valid source. The reasons for it are numerous. The film tells about the slave ship La Amistad which was traveling from Africa with 53 African captives and the crew on board. Unable to make up their minds to the fact that they will never see their families and home land again, to realize that they have lost their freedom and are slaves and possessions of some people now, unable to dispose their own lives, these enslaved people excited mutiny and captured the ship. This was their first step to enfranchisement. In the movie, the captives are not depicted as individuals – it is an allegory – in real life slaves were seldom treated as people but as possessions.

The trip of the people through the Middle Passage – the way from Africa to the New World displays all the horrors of the experiences the captives (not only these 53 but all 20 million of Africans) met. The film also tells about the ways American abolitionists tried to protect the enslaved Africans and fought for their rights in the court. Spielberg, who likes to drive the public’s attention to important moments and details in his movies, has depicted the trial with all vividness to show the fight for captured people’s freedom. The end of the film is marked with the positive and hopeful conclusion of the slaves getting their liberty.

Essay Paper on Management Techniques

admin — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 16:23:38 +0000

Recent years the problem of environmental pollution becomes more important, as scientists predicted terrible outcomes of uncontrolled humans’ activities which caused terrible changes occurred in our planet. Industrial enterprises emit tons of harmful substances, which have disastrous consciences for the planet, and become the main reason for global warming, and that is why their economic and ethical responsibility is to maintain a strict control for pollutant emissions. In this situation the aim of waste management is to reduce the negative impact on the environment by industrial companies which the help of regulating collection, transport, processing or disposal of waste materials.

In recent decades a subfocus of waste management has been to reduce waste materials’ effect on the environment and to recover resources from them. Waste management can involve solid, liquid or gaseous wastes, with different methods and fields of expertise for each. Industrial within UK generates a large quantity of waste products. These wastes products can be divided into two groups: solid waste and hazardous waste.

The target organisation within chemical industries in UK is Akcros Chemicals. This manufacture offers an extensive product portfolio which includes a variety of stabilizers, plasticizes and microbiocides to solve many processing problems. Monitoring of the environment is an important method that helps to search for threat and opportunities, weaknesses and strengths. Organization should take into account internal and external factors that influence environment. The policy of implement restructing sooner rather than later was proved to be correct.

The improvement process is based on the process of decision-making which means formulation of overall strategies for healthy production, typically involving interrelated areas of responsibility within organization, and the making of decisions in these areas in pursuit of these strategies within the broader business context. An examination of production activities gives useful insights into the nature of strategy itself. SWOT helps to analyze the position of Akcros Chemicals at a particular moment in time. The strength of Akcros Chemicals is that its production meets the requirements chemical industries should implement. It develops and improves safe types of production and production lines in order to reduce waste products to a minimum. Akcros Chemicals has maintained high-speed growth through continuous optimization of is product mix and constant technological innovation. These principles accepted not only in UK but also at the other factories of this company around the world.

One of the company’s weaknesses is that like other industries involved in the manufacture of chemicals Akcros Chemicals produces many types of waste, coming from a variety of activities and processes. These wastes may be hazardous or non-hazardous and may be released to all media. Some types of waste that may be discharged to water or land are: spent chemicals, laboratory chemical wastes, waste oils, spent and dirty filters, process wastewater, empty product containers.

The other weakness of the organisation, which causes a further threat is the constant need to improve its production and spend money in order to meet the requirement of new government restrictions. The threat means that in some cases, Akcros Chemicals is unable to spend money on new safe technologies every year. It was mentioned that it has high safety lines, but new restrictions require new improvements, and Akcros Chemicals cannot meet all of them, and as a result it is fined. Another threats can be explained by the fact that significant quantities of chemicals escape into the air, where they are no longer usable by the company and may pose a threat to human health and the environment.One more threat is compex chaines of production which involve different plants located separatly. During transportation of raw materials their leakage is possible.

Essay Paper on Vulcanoes

admin — Tue, 16 Mar 2010 12:56:56 +0000

Convection, however is not the key to plate movement, it is thought “ that the main element to plate movement was the pulling force exerted on the plate by the part being sub ducted”. Subduction occurs at a convergence boundary, which is one of three plate boundaries. Firstly there is a divergence boundary where the plates are repelled apart and molten magma fills the gaps in between, this becomes part of the new lithosphere adding to the edges of the diverged plate.

This process occurs at mid-ocean ridges and is known as seafloor spreading. Secondly there is a transform boundary; these just slide past each other without making a destroying the lithosphere. Finally there is the convergence boundary, where the plates collide into each other, the plate, which gets “overridden”, is sub ducted (pushed under). Subduction of an ocean plate causes deep sea trenches at a continental margin and subduction of an ocean plate underneath another ocean plate causes a “ volcanic arc “, so from this observation it is obvious that sub duction of an ocean plate is a key element to the processes causing volcanic landforms.

The sub ducted plate is pushed down into the mantle (a zone 25 – 70 km below the surface of the Earth which stretches to 2900 km below) where the ends of the sub ducted plate are heated up and virtually melted off, these “ melted “ materials join other hot materials in the mantles wedge and induce melting, this is the process of convection acting upon the sub ducted plate.

This mantle is made up of molten rock otherwise known as magma, whose mineral content is fundamental in the creation in primary volcanic land forms, the key mineral is silica. The more silica the magma has the more viscous the lava will be, and because of this viscosity it doesn’t allow the dissolved gases that the volcanoes have, to escape, these gases are mainly Co2 and 2H2O and smaller amounts of noxious (Harmful) gases such as Hydrogen sulphide.

A Stratovolcano is a primary volcanic landform caused by an andesetic eruption, which means that silica (SiO2) content of the magma was of a medium level (60 %) causing the magma to be fairly viscous, not allowing the escape of dissolved gases resulting in a violent eruption. The minerals found in an andesetic eruption tend to be lighter in colour (felsic), which means that they have a high content of silica, but also contain abundant Al, Na and K. The term felsic is a combination of feldspar and silica. The major minerals in an andesetic volcano are: Andesine (Plagioclase), Biotite and Hornblende.

Essay Paper on Prostitution

admin — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 15:05:28 +0000

Prostitution is one of the oldest sexual offenses.
Fornication and prostitution were considered evil for the people of Israel because fertility was a mission and blessing only in marriage, itself a symbol of the relationship between God and the chosen people. Although both prostitution and polygamy were practiced in the Old Testament, prostitution was seen as a moral evil and anyone who engaged in it received harsh treatment. A girl who lost her virginity before marriage was stoned.
Following the tradition of moral approval by the churches and society, prostitution is today considered a moral evil and is judged in the light of church teachings on sexuality, the self-respect of a person, and marriage.

Moral issues surrounding prostitution are both social and individual. Often prostitutes are victims of social prejudice. Some see themselves as having no choice but to become a prostitute. On a social level, prostitution brings out society’s attitude toward sexual morals. By
separating sexual activity from the spiritual natures of the person, the client enjoys sexual thrill and excitement that is for the moment encouraging to sexual personality. Since it is mostly men who travel with prostitutes, someone hardly ever sees the effects of the double standard of morality in the unequal treatment of men and women involved in prostitution.

With other people the attitude persists that it is less offensive for a man to have sexual relations outside of marriage than for a woman. Most recently, the double standard has entered the homosexual community. Many homosexuals believe religious and social standards on sexuality are related to heterosexuals but not to them. Given this attitude, a lot do not find social support for faithful and committed relationships.

I personally think that prostitution should not be against the law. They are not hurting anybody. I think that it is their choice to sell their bodies of they want to. If pornography is legal in the United States, then why shouldn’t prostitution? In Europe prostitution is not illegal in certain areas. That is what I think the United States should do because if it is legal in a certain place than anyone who doesn’t agree with it don’t have to see them walking the streets and hanging on corners. But I do not agree with those who are under 18 and are prostitutes. This should not be. It would be easier to control if it was legal in a certain place because then a police officer could check up on them instead of having them all over. It would be much easier and it wouldn’t take that much time.

It would take a little time getting use to because most new things do but in the long run I think it would straighten out the problem in a lot of inner cities. I also think that if it is legal they should get to keep whatever they make and not have to give the money or whatever to their pimps. I think the police should crack down on the pimps more than the prostitutes. By legalizing prostitution the police department through out America will have more time catching murderers and rapists than wasting time on prostitutes. This is where I conclude my project on the issue of prostitution.

Essay Paper on Ethics Development Differences

admin — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 11:20:08 +0000

Ethics Development Differences Between Work and Professional Settings

From the black and white images, it was clear the cartoon was made in the 40’s or 50’s. However, the message was very clear to any viewer and I think the age of the cartoon was meant to show as old as the animation was the lesson was the same. The cartoon depicted a typical mild mannered businessman; leaving for work his wife dutifully waiting by the door with his briefcase and lunch, they say good-bye and the small gentle looking man walks out the door towards his car. As he enters the car and drives off, he changes from this small frail looking man to a wolf! He is snarling and growling at the traffic. Clearly, he is suffering from road rage, which at the time of the class was not a term in vogue.The wolf arrives at work and upon exiting the car turns back into the meek little man going to work. During the day at the bank, he makes some decisions and has normal distractions that would upset anyone. Keep in mind the original intent of the cartoon was as entertainment, not any sort of lesson. Therefore, the visuals were satirical, however, as a class lesson the intent was obvious. After work, the mild mannered banker gets back into his car and turns back into the “mad” wolf driving home a little more aggressively than on his way to work apparently due to the stress of the work day.

As in the previous example, I suppose my own ethics are somewhat cloudy. By that, I mean I am honest and hardworking know the difference between ethical and unethical behavior, however there are things that I would do at home that I would not think of doing at work. There are instances when people would do things such as using company resources but they would never go to the house next door and take a pad of paper or something else for that matter without first asking permission.

Ethics at work, as I mentioned I am honest and hardworking I would like to focus on the honesty. I would never think of telling a petty criminal that apprehension by the police was imminent. However, as an over the road truck driver drivers continually updated others on the whereabouts of the “bears,” the activities of the Department of Transportation at weigh stations. Never in my entire career as a driver did I think twice about warning someone or seeking the same information myself, after all it is part of the job. It was considered part of the “game.”

According to George Sedares, a retired DOT enforcement officer and friend, he summed his law enforcement activities this way, “each day we had a quota to make, we knew where the overweight trucks were and we knew whom to watch. So every day we’d go out to justify our existence.” He went on to add, “we looked at it this way, everyone gets a ‘turn’ you may get off today, but the next time you will get you turn.”

Essay Paper on Niccolo Machavelli

admin — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 09:51:31 +0000

Machiavelli, Niccolo was born on May 3, 1469 to the lawyer Bernando Machiavelli and Bartolomea de’ Neli. Machiavelli grew up in Florence of Lorenzo de’ Medici and received a humanist education in the Latin authors. Machiavellis father’s friendship with the chancellor Bartolomea Scala may have provided the young Niccolo with the sources he needed to become great, like the cities humanistic and literacy circles. Also very little is known about Niccolo life before 1498, especially the dramatic events of the French invasion of Italy and Tuscany. But the few facts that are known about Machiavellis early life includes his friendship with Lorenzo de’ Medici youngest son, Giuliano, to whom he addressed some poetry and in whom he would later invest many hopes in; and his transcription of a humanist edition of Lucretiu’s De rerum nature.
Machiavellis political career started in June 1498, just after Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola’s trial and execution. And because as head of the secondary chancery, he coordinated all of Florence’s relations with its subjects territories. And visiting the cities and towns of the dominion and advising the government on particular problems. Later on in his career he also became secretary to foreign policy magistracy of Ten in July 1498. Who frequently sent him as envoy to the princes and governments of Italy and Europe? For about fourteen years he spent much of his time traveling to negotiate agreements, convey messages, gather information, and report anything and everything he heard and saw.

But Machiavellis reports to his government sometime caused controversy because when gathering information instead of keeping to himself he would have not even have hesitated to express his unconventional opinions, including his supportive alliance with Borgia and his harsh criticisms of the republic ‘s lack of a homegrown military force. Later on in 1502, over the objections of the upper class families- he planned, recruited from the dominion and trained a militia that played an important role in the recon quest of Pisa in 1509. He was showered with compliments for his part in the victory, and by this time he was at the peak of his career.

But after 1512 when the French, Florence’s most important allies were chased out of Italy by Swiss intervention on the side of Julius II’s anti French league. The Republic was at the mercy of the pope and Fernidad of Spain. Machiavelli’s militia was no match for Spanish troops who attacked and sacked near by Prato, a disaster that resulted in Soderini’s resignation, return of Medici September, and the dismantling of the republic institutions, including the militia.

Machiavellis decade-long collaboration with Soderini put him in an unstable position, the 7th of November he was dismissed from his post, assessed a heavy fine, and forbidden to travel outside of Florence for a year. But the worst came when he was arrested for suspected connivance in a plot against Medici. Although there was no evidence he was tortured in an effort to extract information from him. He begged for his life and was banned…

Essay Paper on Corruption

admin — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 09:42:59 +0000

Honesty is a principle that people always tried to keep to, at least in the past. People had to observe that principle, because if they didn’t they simply become ignored, despised by the rest of society. Now it is unlikely that all the people keep to that simple principle – to be honest. Most of the people stand before the choice – poverty or riches, honesty or corruption. And the choice is hard, difficult. I think that the first step into slippery ground is not doing something bad or illegal, but even thinking about it.

This is where all the temptations begin. When a person starts to doubt what is good and what is wrong, he starts to think that it is possible to find a way how to avoid pricks of conscience, and than he will definitely come to a decision that he can do something bad without any retribution. I believe that when people for the first time decide to take a bribe or do something else of that kind, they do it not for the sake of profit but because they need money to support their families. They realize that it is wrong but they find no other easier way to get money. It is for sure that there are people whose main purpose is easy money, which they need not because they are in desperate need.

It is hard to refuse from the temptation to earn easy money, especially when you know that no one, except you and the person that offers you a deal, will have any suspicions. For this kind of people the main reason to earn money this way is power. Once people learn that money can solve most of the problems they start getting it in all the possible ways. Power becomes everything for them, it is like the drugs you cannot stop using. But if they think that they can get away with no punishment at all they are mistaken. I believe that if they will manage to escape from the justice on Earth, the Heavenly justice will overtake them.

On these people’s place I would have lost my peace of mind from the very beginning. Actually I think that to sleep like a baby under this kind of circumstances can only those people who have no conscience at all. Many people do all the possible things to stifle the voice of conscious by amusing oneself, sometimes with the help of alcohol or even worse – drugs. And these entertainments or pleasures again cost money. Of course, it does not help and they start getting into it deeper or deeper.

But I am sure that sooner or later everything will be revealed. And it is also one of the reasons why people decide not to get involved in the illegal affairs. From this arises a question: what is better, to be rich and corrupted or to be poor and honest? As I see it the answer to this question depends only on the person you are asking, because it is the personal opinion of every man.

No one can decide instead of you. To conclude, I want to say that corruption and honesty are two sides of one coin. And the choice you are going to make will depend only on what kind of person you are. But I guess that there is no right choice, because each variant will cause consequences – good or bad, that depend on the choice…

Essay Paper on Neutrality

admin — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 17:59:32 +0000

The United States has always been an important figure in world affairs. Our force can cause a huge impact on any war. The United States is sitting many miles away with a great ocean dividing us from the war, and we are comfortable.

We rant and rave about how horrible Hitler is and how Hitler stands for everything we are against, yet we watch him take over all of Europe. We are watching out sister country struggle to defend their land, and we do nothing.

Actually we did something….. in 1935 we declared an arms- embargoing act, which resisted us from giving belligerent country ammunition or weapons. We took a stand we stopped handing Hitler our guns to kill innocent people, yet we also stopped helping out our failing, weak sister country, Great Britain. Great Britain is the last line of defense that the European nations have against Hitler. Is that neutrality; failing to make any distinction between the aggressive and the victim. Failing to recognize the moral from the immoral.

The attack on Pearl Harbor was unprovoked and violated every reasonable justification for war known at the time. We have, of course, many ways of remembering those lost, and two of the most powerful are the Arizona Memorial in Pearl Harbor itself and the memorial in Hiroshima, Japan. The deaths of hundreds of military non-combatants took place in the hands of those who chose to stop a nascent threat. Such attacks are, in all cases, unjust. The justice of dropping the atomic bombs on Japan comes from the fact that the United States had to intimidate the Japanese into surrender. In this case, it is not unjust to target non-combatants.

We can see, from these two cases, that there is no justification for the actions taken by the Axis powers. Thus we can see that the Axis was unjust and the Allies were just in their actions during World War II.

In my opinion our neutrality seems to sound more like ignoring what is going on in Europe. No matter how much we want to stay out of the war, you can’t just ignore it. Hitler is evil, and hates the United States. Just because there is ocean between us does not mean that it will stop him from fulfilling his dream of conquering the world. Our best hope in England.

The same country who we stopped sending weapons to. Once England fails the eastern gates of the Atlantic Ocean will be wide open to all our enemies. Do you think that our enemies will see the neutrality act that we passed? They hate us, and passing some acts will not change that fact. The United States has one navy. What will happen when Japan strikes out western side, while Germany attacks out eastern side? How will our one ocean navy defend us?

Japan, Italy, and Germany are all working together in conquering Europe and the western world. When they have done that and hold billions of square mile, and have billions of people under their control; they will want more. We will be what they want. There are a lot of what ifs and predictions that come along with war. Can we really sit here and ignore all of them. We will only be watching war come to our front yard. By then there will be nothing left, we may still be neutral but the axis powers will still see us strongly disagree that the United States should remain neutral in the war over in Europe.

Essay Paper on Hitchcock’s Vertigo

admin — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 09:24:27 +0000

In Hitchcock’s Vertigo, the main character, John “Scottie” Ferguson has a severe case of vertigo caused by high altitudes. If Mr. Ferguson looks down from a place of an elevated stature, he becomes almost instantly dizzied and disoriented. Although the film capitalizes on Scottie’s infirmity, the film itself is meant to give the audience a “vertigoish” sensation through the use of a twisting and entwined story line, carefully planned camera angles, and dialogging which changes course several times throughout the work. The viewer is swept from scene to scene, which rapidly changes his or her opinions every few minutes. John Ferguson is taken on a wild ride wedged tightly between fear, insanity, and breakdown. From woman to woman and emotional state to emotional state, Ferguson is trapped in a seemingly never-ending, spinning, spiral downwards. Being a retired detective, Scottie is commissioned to follow the wife of an old friend, Madeline Elster.
Misses Elster has supposedly been leaving home for strange reasons and then returning at night not aware of her whereabouts that day. Scottie cases Madeline and learns her daily routine of sitting by herself at different locations all related to her great-grandmother, Carlotta. Realizing how similar their goals of love, happiness, and freedom are, Scottie falls in love with her. Thinking Madeline is possessed or evoking the spirit of Carlotta, Scottie decides to help her release the specter’s hold.

Treating this case like a policeman would, he narrows down the facts and clues about Carlotta. He has almost pieced the case together when Madeline commits suicide by jumping from the top of a tower in a small Catholic mission in Southern California. He tried to stop the bewildered maiden but was stopped by the gut-wrenching effects of the vertigo in the high ascending steps of the little white church’s bell tower.

The viewer is dropped and raised in a spinning motion repeatedly at every twist of the plot in this film. Once at the beginning, three times in the middle, and twice at the end. Each little scenario curve takes the spectator lower into the blackness of uncertainty and tingling ambition. I think Alfred Hitchcock’s goal for Vertigo, was to make the viewing audience actually experience the feeling of mental, and possibly even physical, vertigo whilst experiencing this film. After having seen this work, I believe that he accomplished his goal with flying colors. The plot changes, the scenario twists, and the dynamic acting of the star players was superbly Hitchcockian, and superbly exemplary…

Essay Paper on Gambling Dialectic

admin — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 17:35:21 +0000

In today’s society where people are constantly looking to better their situation there are certain things that they turn to for escape from their realities. For some this is drugs or alcohol but for others it is the hope of winning enough money in a lottery to forget all their worries and buy a small tropical island and live there for the rest of their lives. To some people gambling is morally wrong and they are firmly a against it but to others it is just mere harmless fun.

In many cases these people who firmly believe that gambling is wrong are against it for good reason. For years it has been the religious belief that gambling is wrong because it teaches such things as greed and throws such things as self-control out the window. This is a tragic situation for some families because they have seen what it’s like to lose everything to gambling. In my own neighbourhood I’ve seen people blow whatever money they had set aside for such things as mortgages and taxes on gambling and have nothing to show for it. It’s a tragedy that they are essentially robbed my their own human nature. It has been said that human nature is that man puts far more emphasis on the hope of winning than on the reality of losing and this is why casinos nation wide never ever go broke.

Another reason why people are so against it is because gambling teaches of easy money and when people start thinking that they can just win everything and they lose all ambition at work and this is not what creates a good society. It creates greed and it completely ruins the small town atmosphere that may be the only thing that small towns have left going for them.

Sadly, though, demoralization of character is the least of the worries in the gambling industry. It is a proven fact that as soon as a Casino goes into a city the suicide rate goes up by at least 10%. In a city such as Niagara Falls, where they have just recently spent millions of dollars on Casino’s, there has been a minimum of 6 people more going over the falls each year. This is usually related to people who do not know when to quit and they end up spending their vacation fund and they’ve been drinking and don’t want to go home and tell their wives about it, so they just end their lives right then and there. I’m sure there are many other cities that have statistics such as this. Although, these people who blow all their money do represent a small percentage of the gamblers in our province and should not be considered your “typical” gambler. There are many people who just gamble for fun.

There are some people who believe that gambling is simply a great way to have fun. It cost’s money but so does going to the zoo for the day. They have no problem with going out for the day and spending money. Although the Anti-Gamblers talk about their religion they forget one important point. That is that religion teaches of “free will”. This means that there is no one in the wrong when it comes to gambling. It is merely a person decision that each person makes and although some people don’t agree with it, they should just mind their own business. It is their person choice not to gamble…

Essay Paper on Zionist Movement

admin — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 13:39:45 +0000

Zionist Movement
Israel was a land that was given to Jews by God. In that place they received the Word of God, developed their spiritual and cultural norms. Years passed by and Jews were scattered throughout the world, but they never forgot the land of their origin. That was the reason to start a new movement for freedom and independence. The term “Zionism” means a movement to settle a holy land and was first described in 1891. In the 19th century America was flooded with immigrants, Jews were among them. As the years passed by they became Americans and found their place in the society.

But time changed and Jews became the leaders not in population, but in influence. If you look through the list of politicians today, you may find many Jewish names. Bankers, businessmen, politician, and professors – their major part has Jewish roots.
Zionist Chaim Weizmann convinced British government to support Jews; Balfour Declaration was a document that proclaimed Palestine a land home for Jews. That was a starting point to independence of Israel in 1948. Now they are fighting for the exodus to Israel and apply efforts to reach the goal.

American Jews want to take away from Israel their ancient enemies – Arabs. Zionists are convincing American Jews in the idea that they must have Jewish state, which would be like an island in the ocean – separated from other nations and outer intervention. But they still live in American society, getting profit from Americans, though they long to their land, promised by God.

American Jews believe in what they hear; vote and support what they consider a truth – they gather money to help those in Israel during the wartime, their main desire is to be independent. Jews are blessed by God and it is obvious and there has to be more friendly approach to establish relations in the Middle East. Never-ending struggle is less important than peace. Souls of men are a precious gift, which should be kept in safety. The price of freedom is too high and each one should ask a question: is it worthy?

Truman Administration and the Jewish State
In World War I Jews were on the British side, thus the Balfour Declaration was approved by the League of Nations and in 1922 Britain was assigned to rule over Palestine. May 14, 1948 was the last day of British power in Palestine, according to British Mandate over Palestine. This very day the members of National Council signed the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel.

Jewish community and United Nations finally reached an agreement, but in United States opinions differed on this question. Harry Truman’s Administration was not so confirmed about the independency of Israel. Presidential advisers, among them Clark Clifford (Truman’s legal counsel), realized that the Jewish nation suffered enough during the Holocaust, besides, what is the nation without homeland. George Marshall, Secretary of State, and the whole Department of State and War were against this approval. He supported his opinion by such presumptions as the Arab oil’s cut off. Marshall even stated that he would not vote for Truman in the coming election. Thus, Harry Truman faced a dilemma: either accept the Israel’s independence and face opposition in his own country, or deny it and face problems with world community.

Essay Paper on Teacher’s Nature

admin — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 15:19:28 +0000

The nature of a teacher spans over many areas. They come from all walks of life- family members, peers, coworkers, and do not forget the professional teacher. No matter who they may be, where they come from, or what they do a teacher’s primary function is to teach. Some of them may be unwitting teachers and do not know what they are doing but they are teachers nonetheless. It is possible to say that even the convicted criminal has lessons to teach. Without them helping lead the way, the future may one-day come to a screeching halt. Children learn from the day they are born and far into adulthood.

The first trainers in life are family members. Parents and siblings teach newborn infants to trust people and rely on them to care for and nurture them. The family unit is also responsible for the first steps a child takes in life, this helps them grow and development and take on greater challenges. As children grow older the are also taught respect by their family. Children are taught to respect themselves, others people and animals. Many of the core values accepted by society are established at home and carried over to the outside world. For example, theft, lying, and fighting are all bad values, while children are encouraged by family members to tell the truth and to solve disputes in a civilized manner.

When the family places these ideals on their priority list the children will be more open-minded about the world and become a capable individual. All people in society play an integral part in the daily teachings of children to ensure their proper place in the world. Peers and coworkers can be summarized together; the only differences, in essence, are the age groups. Throughout the younger stages in life, people learn from one another as they play together where, knowing what to do or how to react to things only come from being taught how to by other members of a particular group.

Many children who are active in extracurricular activities have learned important people skills from those within their group. Some examples are teamwork, patience, and cooperation. The social skills that people learn must be taught. For people to fit in they must first observe the group and learn the basics. Then, after an introduction to the rules and the “dos and don’ts,” of the work place are established. Imagine, wearing shorts and a tee shirt to work while everyone else looks professional and cosmopolitan in their suits and wing tips. As far as coworkers go, most people do not start a new job knowing everything.

Company Strategy Analysis

admin — Wed, 24 Feb 2010 17:06:06 +0000

Corporate Strategy
At the end of twentieth century, marketing awareness is becoming more thoughtful within the organization for the reason that the harmonization of the external and internal appearance of the brand is essential. Good examples of such harmonization prove to be moderately rare: Nordstrom, Disneyworld, some parts of the Virgin organization, British Airways and First Direct. Throughout the world, British Airways is recognized as the leader in the service industry and as one of the companies which internal and external marketing practices proved high quality service for the clients and care about the employees. Everyday British Airways meets and exceeds the needs of more than 94,000 international customers, carrying them to 550 destinations in 98 countries. People working in the British Airways are considered the highest treasure and value of the company, which in its turn have positive influence over their productivity, effective work, creativity, loyalty to the company, and desire to grow both professionally and personally within the British Airways.

Marketing Strategy
The main competitors of British Airways are Delta Airways, Air France, Continental, American Airways, Northwest Airways, BMI, US Airways, Lufthansa and some others. The strategic developments of British Airways include the following initiatives. The application with the US DoT will permit the company to operate services between any point in the European Union and the United States to enable it to grow the most profitable part of its business. Moreover, the company joined TPG Capital, Vista Capital, Inversiones Ibersuizas and Quercus Equity to investigate a possible consortium bid for Iberia. Finally, eight new Airbus A320 family aircraft were ordered for delivery in 2008-2010, which was the first step towards establishing a single fleet across the British Airways’ network

Operating Strategy
Everyday British Airways meets and exceeds the needs of more than 94,000 international customers, carrying them to 550 destinations in 98 countries. People working in the British Airways are considered the highest treasure and value of the company, which in its turn have positive influence over their productivity, effective work, creativity, loyalty to the company, and desire to grow both professionally and personally within the British Airways.

In the modern high-technology world British Airways is keeping up with the times by providing its customers with the latest technological achievements in the aircraft industry; interactive web site where they can make an order from/to any destination, make the payment, change the flight date, etc.; ‘Self Service Check-in Kiosks’ used at airports all over UK and Europe to help minimize check in time for customers arriving at the airport; etc.

Essay Paper on Child Obesity

admin — Wed, 24 Feb 2010 16:53:40 +0000

One of important diseases is childhood obesity. The shocking rise of childhood obesity and overweight during the last several decades became an issue of great concern due to its rapid spread. Obesity as a medical condition results from imbalance between calories consumed and calories used by a child through physical activity needed for normal development. It is an issue of a great concern due to its close relationship with numerous health-related risks and social consequences that often continue during adulthood. The recent statistical data show that the number of obese children has doubled and nearly one child in five is overweight. Over 22 million of children all over the world are severely overweight.
Beginning in early childhood obesity might easily be transformed through the life span into even greater health-related risks, namely, high blood pressure, a great likelihood of heart disease, asthma and even Type II diabetes that was previously known as particularly adult disease. Moreover, aside from serious consequences considering health condition, there might appear a risk of total social isolation due to social discrimination, depression and low self-esteem. Consequently, it should be mentioned that not a single cause, but a set of interrelated factors, specifically environmental, genetic, socioeconomic, psychological and behavioral all contribute to further excessive accumulation of fat in the body, known as obesity or overweight.

Even though the problem of overweight among children is traced back as far as 1980, just the time of cable-television channels, video games and computer boom, which became integral part of modern lifestyle of children and adolescents, only throughout the last two or three decades it reached almost the epidemic level. The outdoor sports activities were changed for computers and sport video games. Stimulation among children is no longer provoked by outdoor physical activities, but only through the means of visual aids. Based on Stephanie Strom in The Times, “What we have is a generation that has to make an effort to be physically active. Unless they think about it, they can go an entire day without being physically active,” – states Dr. Lavizzo-Mourey in the article “$ 500 Million Pledged to Fight Childhood Obesity” by Stephanie Strom.

Obesity is easier to prevent than to treat. However, it is obvious that any successful effort to fight the issue must mobilize the whole society. As a rule, parents become role models for their kids in their attempts to form their habits. Thus, on their way to obesity prevention parents should take a more proactive role in the attempts to change the lifestyle of their children starting at the earliest possible age. On the other, hand, the wide access to high-caloric food is a barrier on the way of changing the eating habits. In order to prevent the overweight or at least lessen its possible negative consequences, children must consume products with reduced fat, eat more fruits, vegetables, drink less soft beverages and especially try to consume smaller portion sizes for food and beverages.